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Major Objectives

Major Objectives. 1. What are the two key roles of mitotic cell division? 2. Understand the different phases of the mitotic cell cycle and the regulation of the cell cycle (checkpoints) and how normal cells vary from cancer cells 3. Understand the phases of mitosis

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Major Objectives

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  1. Major Objectives 1. What are the two key roles of mitotic cell division? 2. Understand the different phases of the mitotic cell cycle and the regulation of the cell cycle (checkpoints) and how normal cells vary from cancer cells 3. Understand the phases of mitosis 4. Know how cytokinesis differs between plant and animal cells

  2. Two key roles of mitotic cell division 1. Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair

  3. 2. Cell division distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells

  4. What is DNA? How does DNA work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwibgNGe4aY

  5. Mitotic Cell Cycle

  6. Interphase (4 subphases) G0 Phase-Cell leaves cell cycle. G1 Phase-Centered on growth. Cells increase in size, produce RNA and synthesize protein. G1 Checkpoint ensures that everything is ready for DNA synthesis.

  7. Interphase (4 subphases) S Phase Synthesis-chromosomes copied. To produce two similar daughter cells, the complete DNA instructions in the cell must be duplicated; DNA replication occurs.

  8. Interphase (4 subphases) G2 Phase-Cell completes preparations for cell division. Cell continues to grow and produce new proteins. G2 Checkpoint to determine if the cell can proceed to enter Mitosis and divide.

  9. Mitosis or M Phase: Cell growth and protein production stop at this stage in the cell cycle. Division into two similar daughter cells. Mitosis checkpoint ensures the cell is ready to complete cell division.

  10. 3 Checkpoints G1 Checkpoint G2 Checkpoint Mitosis Checkpoint

  11. Normal Cells vs Cancer Cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LhQllh46yI

  12. Cytokinesis -Division of the cytoplasm after mitosis Animals-Cleavage furrow in the cell surface forms and the ring pinches the cell in two Plants-Cell plate is formed during telophase and the plate enlarges until its membranes fuse with plasma membrane

  13. Mitosis in Plants- A review

  14. Plant Interphase • Cell prepares for division by: • replicating DNA and organelles • increasing cell size

  15.  Plant Prophase • Cell prepares for nuclear division by: • condensing DNA into movable packages called chromosomes

  16.  Plant Metaphase • Cell prepares chromosomes for division by: • aligning chromosomes at cell equator • attaching spindle fibers from each new daughter cell pole to each chromosome at the centromere

  17.  Plant Anaphase • Chromosomes divide: • spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart • one-half of each chromosome (chromatid) moves to a new daughter cell

  18. Plant Telophase • Cytoplasm divides: • DNA de-condenses and two nuclei form • new cell wall (cell plate) appears between the two nuclei to form two new daughter cells

  19. Mitosis in Animals- A review

  20. Prophase Double chromatin chromosomes present and nuclear envelope disappears

  21. Metaphase Double chromatin chromosomes lineup in single file on metaphase equator of the cell

  22. Anaphase Centromeres divide and single chromatin chromosomes move towards opposite poles of cell

  23. Telophase Cytokinesis begins (cleavage furrow). Nuclear envelope begins to reform around single chromatin chromosomes

  24. Cytokinesis Cytokinesis complete, chromosomes disappear, chromatin reforms, and 2 new daughter cells enter G1 phase cell cycle

  25. Mitosis Video Review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=mitosis+video&mid=73BAAE1B5EC4204E769F73BAAE1B5EC4204E769F&view=detail&FORM=VIRE5

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