The Industrial Revolution: America's Transformation

1. The Nation Grows and Prospers U.S. History Chapter 11

2. Industrial Revolution Begins • Industrial Revolution was a long, slow process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced. • Began in Britain in mid-1700s

3. Industrial Revolution Begins • This industrialism depended on the development of the factory system

4. Factory System • System brought workers and machinery together to produce goods • Lowell, Mass.: model factory town, workers lived in clean, decent housing

5. Factory System • “Lowell girl”: worked in factory but returned home to marry • Workers, primarily women and children, worked long hours: 12 hours/day, 6 days/week

6. American Industry • Congress helped industry after the War of 1812 by establishing the second Bank of the United States • Congress also protected manufacturers by raising tariffs on imported goods

7. Urbanization • Industrial Revolution led to increased U.S. urbanization • Population moved from the rural farming areas to the cities

8. Urbanization • New York City became the city with the largest population in 1840

9. Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect • Led to greater U.S. economic development • Urbanization of the U.S.

10. Traveling West • Private companies built turnpikes to improve America’s roads in early 1800s • Tolls collected from travelers on the turnpikes • Improved roads were set on a bed of gravel

11. Traveling West • Mohawk Road followed Erie Canal • National Road extended from Maryland into Illinois • Wilderness Road, established by Daniel Boone, reached the Ohio River

12. Traveling West • Development of canals allowed western farmers to ship goods directly to eastern cities.

13. Era of Good Feelings • President James Monroe helped create a new sense of national unity. • Federalist Party disappeared by 1820. Monroe ran for a 2nd term unopposed.

14. Sectionalism • Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the nation as a whole. • Made national unity more difficult

15. Henry Clay • Spoke for the West • Wanted to promote economic growth for all sections: American System

16. Henry Clay • American System failed: Congress refused to fund new roads, bridges, and canals. • Unintentionally furthered growth of sectionalism

17. John C. Calhoun • Spoke for the South • As a southerner, he supported slavery

18. Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect • Improved roads leading to western growth of the nation • Sectionalism beginning to threaten national unity

19. Supreme Court Expands • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Court ruled that states had no power to control federal institutions within their borders. • Strengthened federal power

20. Supreme Court Expands • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Only federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce, or trade between states

21. Supreme Court Expands • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Court ruled that that a state could regulate trade only within its own borders.

22. New Nations in the Americas • Creole: People born to Spanish parents in Latin America • Creoles demanded a role in government • Opposition to Spain was growing

23. Revolution in Latin America • Spanish colonies had to win independence through revolution • Led to rise of Latin American nations

24. Revolution in Latin America • Simon Bolivar: best known revolutionary leader, The Liberator • Led successful independence movements in South America

25. Spain Gives Up Florida • Spain agreed to sell Florida to the U.S. for $5 million • Spain busy fighting rebels in South America • Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821

26. Monroe Doctrine • Americans feared that Spain would try to regain its colonies in Latin America

27. Monroe Doctrine • President Monroe’s foreign policy statement to protect Latin American republics from European attack

28. Monroe Doctrine • Declared that the U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of European nations or existing colonies of European nations

29. Monroe Doctrine • Warned European nations not to attempt to regain control of the newly independent nations of Latin America

30. Monroe Doctrine • United States was determined to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere.

31. Monroe Doctrine • U.S. successfully challenged European intervention, or direct involvement, in Latin America.

32. Can you answer these questions? • If not, look back over this review!

33. Review • Who is someone born in Latin America to Spanish parents? • Lowell girl • Capitalist • creole

34. Review • What is direct involvement by one nation in the affairs of another? • Urbanization • Sectionalism • Intervention

35. Review • What was an unintended result of Henry Clay’s American system? • Much money was spent on transportation • Further growth of sectionalism • High tariffs

36. Review • Who was someone who worked in the mills and returned home to marry? • Capitalist • Lowell girl • Creole

37. Review • What is loyalty to one’s state or region? • Urbanization • Sectionalism • Intervention

38. Review • How did Congress help American industry after the War of 1812? • It closed the first Bank of the United States • It established the second Bank of the United States • It lowered tariffs

39. Review • How did the United States gain Florida from Spain? • U.S. bought Florida for $5 million • U.S. won Florida after a lengthy battle with Spain • Spain gave up Florida as a result of the Monroe Doctrine

40. Review • Why was Lowell, Mass. Called a model factory town? • Factory owners shortened the employees’ work day • Factories employed young children • Workers lived in clean, decent housing

41. Review • What is one way Americans improved their roads in the early 1800s? • Private companies built turnpikes • Private companies put up funds for the National Road • During the War of 1812, the army built the National Road

42. Review • Why was Simon Bolivar known as “The Liberator?” • He led independence movements in South America • He led a revolt freeing Texas from Mexican rule • He persuaded Spain to free its Latin American colonies

43. Review • Which of the following describes the Industrial Revolution? • Depended on the development of the factory system • Occurred after years of planning in U.S. in 1700s • Was quick, violent and produced few results

44. Review • How did private companies finance turnpikes? • Campaigned for donations from people • Borrowed money from states where turnpikes crossed • Collected tolls from travelers

45. Review • Which of the following led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine? • U.S. wanted to control Latin America • U.S. feared Spain would try to regain its colonies in Latin America • U.S. feared Britain would try to take over its original colonies.

46. Review • Which is the BEST interpretation of Supreme Court decision, McCullough v. Maryland? • Federal govt. cannot tax state institutions • States can nullify federal laws they think are unconstitutional • States have no power to control federal institutions within their borders

47. Review • What BEST describes daily life in a factory in the early 1800s? • Employees, mostly women & children, worked long hours • Factory owners more took interest in workers’ welfare • Laws were enacted to prevent child labor

48. Review • What effect did sectionalism have on the Era of Good Feelings? • It made national unity more difficult • It divided the nation into East and West • It weakened political parties

49. Review • What generalization can be made about the rise of Latin American nations? • Spain gave up control of its colonies • Colonies had to win independence through revolution • New republics easily achieved democratic rule.

50. Review • What was a result of the development of canals in the early 1800s? • Canals allowed western farmers to ship goods directly to eastern cities • Few farmers could afford to ship goods through canals • The National Road fell into disuse