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Security Firewall

Security Firewall. Firewall design principle. Firewall Characteristics. Types of Firewalls. Firewall Components & Configurations. Firewall Design Principles . Information System undergo a steady evolution( from small LAN’s to Internet connectivity).

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Security Firewall

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  1. Security Firewall Firewall design principle. Firewall Characteristics. Types of Firewalls. Firewall Components & Configurations.

  2. Firewall Design Principles . • Information System undergo a steady evolution( from small LAN’s to Internet connectivity). • Strong security features for all workstations and servers not established.

  3. Firewalls • Effective means of protection a local system or network of systems from network_based security threats while affording access to the outside world via WAN’s or the Internet.

  4. Firewall Design Principles • The firewall is interested between the permission network and internet. • Aims : • Establish a controlled link. • Protect the premises network from internet_based attacks. • Provide a single choke point.

  5. Firewalls Characteristics • Design goals: • All traffic form the inside to outside must pass through the firewall (physically blocking all access to the local network except via firewall). • Only Authorized traffic ( defined by the local security policy) will be allowed to pass.

  6. Firewall Characteristics • Design goals: 3. The firewall itself is immune to penetration ( use of trusted systems with secure operating systems).

  7. Firewall Characteristics • Four General Technologies: • Service Control: determines the types of the internet services that can be accessed, in bounded or out bounded. • Direction Control: determines the direction in which particular services requests are allowed to flow.

  8. Firewall Characteristics 3. User Control: controls access to a service according to which user is attempting to access it. 4. Behavior Control: controls how particular service are used (e.g. filter e-mail)

  9. Types of Firewalls • Three common types of firewalls: • Packet-filtering-router. • Application-level-Gateways. • Circuit-level-Gateways. • (Bastion Host).

  10. Packet-Filtering-Router • Packet Filtering Router firewalls. Private Network Internet Packet Filtering Router Figure ( Packet Filtering Router Firewall).

  11. Packet-Filtering-Router • Applies a set of rules to each incoming IP packet and then forwards or discards the packet. • Filter packets going in both directions. • The packet filter is typically set up as a list of rule based on matches to fields in the IP or TCP header. • Two default polices( discards or forwards).

  12. Packet-Filtering-Router • Advantages: • Simplicity. • Transparency to users. • High speed • Disadvantages: • Difficulty of setting up packet filter walls. • Lack of Authentication.

  13. Application-Level-Gateway • Application Level Gateway Firewall. Inside Host TELNET Outside Host FTP SMTP Inside Connection Outside Connection HTTP Figure (Application Level Gateway).

  14. Application-Level-Gateway • Also called (Proxy Server). • Acts as relay of application level traffic.

  15. Application-Level-Gateway • Advantages: • Higher security than packet filter • Only need securitize a few allowable applications. • Easy to log and audit all incoming traffic. • Disadvantages: Additional processing overhead on each connection (Gateway as splice point).

  16. Circuit Level Gateway • Circuit Level Gateway. OUT IN Inside host & inside connection OUT IN Outside host & outside connection OUT IN OUT IN

  17. Circuit Level Gateway • Stand-alone system or specialized function performed by Application level gateway. • Sets up two TCP connections. • The gateway typically relays TCP segments from one connection to the other without examining the contents.

  18. Circuit Level Gateway • The security function consists of which connections to be allowed. • Typically use is a situation in which the system administrators trusts the internal users. • An example is the SOCKS package.

  19. Bastion Host • A system identified by the firewall administrator as critical strong point in the networks security. • The Bastion host serves as a platform for an application-level or circuit-level gateway.

  20. Bastion Host • In addition to the use of simple configuration of single system ( single packet filtering router or single gateway), more complex configurations are possible. • Three common configurations

  21. Screened host firewall system • Also called single homed bastion host Packet Filtering Router Internet Private Network Information Server Bastion Host

  22. Screened host firewall (1) • Configuration: • Consists of two systems which are: • Packet filtering router. -Only packets from and to the bastion host are allowed to pass through server. • Bastion Host. - Authentication and Proxy functions.

  23. Screened host firewall (2) • Greater security that the single configuration because of two reasons: • This configuration implements both packet level and application level filtering ( allowing for flexibility in defining security policy). • An intruder must generally penetrate two separate systems.

  24. Screened host firewall (3) • This configuration also affords flexibility in providing direct internet access ( public information server, e.g. web server).

  25. Dual Homed Bastion Host • Dual Homed Bastion Host. Packet Filtering Router INTERNET Private Network Information Server Bastion Host

  26. Dual Homed Bastion Host • The packet filtering router is not completely compromised. • Traffic between the internet and other hosts on the private network has to flow through the Bastion host.

  27. Screened Subnet Firewall System Information Server • See Figure. Modem Packet Filtering Router Packet Filtering Router INTERNET Private Network Bastion Host

  28. Screened Subnet Firewall System • Most secured configuration of all the three known techniques in the bastion host. • Two packet filtering routers are used. • Creation of an isolated sub-network.

  29. Screened Subnet Firewall System • Advantages: • Three levels of defense to thwart intruders. • The outside router advertises only the existence of the screened sub-net to the internet ( Internal network is invisible to the internet).

  30. Screened Subnet Firewall System • Advantages: - The inside router advertises only the existence of the screened sub-net to the internal network ( the systems on the inside cannot construct direct routes to the internet.

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