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Chemistry Fundamentals: Element Classification, Atom Counting, and Compound Naming

Understand how elements are classified on the periodic chart, determine valence electrons, and learn to count atoms in compounds for naming conventions. Explore examples like magnesium fluoride and sodium chloride, and practice naming compounds by their composition using prefixes like mono- and deca-. Dive into counting atoms in various compounds like H₂O, LiF, and K₂S, and handle complexities such as multiple atoms and ion charges.

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Chemistry Fundamentals: Element Classification, Atom Counting, and Compound Naming

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  1. Counting Atoms, Naming, and Bonding So…this is chemistry.

  2. Classification of Elements • Uses position on the periodic chart (dictated by how the element acts) to tell what the element “is” • We already did this with the coloring of the chart

  3. Valence electrons • The number of electrons in the outermost shell • Tells a bit about how it will react • Can tell by position on the periodic chart

  4. Counting Atoms • So two elements combined makes a compound. There is bonding involved. • You need to COUNT the number of each type of atom in a compound • You can tell this from the formula

  5. Some more examples Magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) Sodium chloride (NaCl) One atom of Sodium One atom of Chlorine • One atom of Magnesium • Two atoms of Fluorine

  6. You can name compounds based on what they are made of • Mono - 1 • Di - 2 • Tri - 3 • Tetra - 4 • Penta - 5 • Hexa - 6 • Hepta - 7 • Octa - 8 • Nona - 9 • Deca - 10

  7. Some examples… • Nitrogen oxide • Dinitrogen oxide • Nitrogen dioxide • Dinitrogenpentoxide • Dinitrogen trioxide

  8. So let’s try counting a few… • H₂O • LiF • K₂S • H2SO4 • CH4 • C8H10N4O2

  9. Another complication… • 2 K₂S • 3 H₂O • 4 H₂SO₄

  10. Yet another wrench… • 3 Ca(NO3)2 • 2 Fe(NO3)2 • 5 BaSO4

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