Nutrition and Diet Therapy

1. Nutrition= digestion, metabolism, circulation and elimination Nutritional Status= refers to the state of one’s nutrition Wellness= state of good health with optimal body function (requires good nutrition Nutrition plays a large role in determining: Height Weight Strength Skeletal and muscle development Physical agility Resistance to disease Appetite Posture Complexion Mental ability Emotional and psychological health Nutrition and Diet Therapy

2. Immediate effects of good nutrition includes: • Healthy appearance • Good attitude • Proper sleep and bowel habits • High energy level • Enthusiasm • Freedom from anxiety

3. Good Nutrition may delay or prevent the following: • Hypertension • Atherosclerosis • Osteoporosis: prevented by good nutrition • Malnutrition • Obesity • Anemia If your neighbor tells you her MD has placed her on a high protein diet with iron supplements based on her diet which of the above illness is her medical problem?

4. Essential Nutrients • Composed of chemical elements found in food. • Used by the body to perform body functions • Nutrients in foods replace those used by the body • Essential nutrients are divided into six groups.

5. Carbohydrates Cellulose = indigestible carbohydrate, provides bulk (bran, whole-grain cereal, fibrous fruits, & veggies • Major source of human energy • Starches or sugars • Easily digested, grow well in most climates, keep well without refrigeration • Main sources: bread, cereals, pasta, crackers, potatoes, corn peas, fruits, sugars and syrups

6. Fats Aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins • Lipids • Concentrated form of energy • Help maintain body temperature by providing insulation • Help cushion organs and bones • Provide flavor to meals

7. Fats Continued • Main sources: butter, margarine, oils, creams, fatty meats, cheeses, and egg yolk • Classified as saturated or poly unsaturated Excess cholesterol is believed to contribute to atherosclerosis Cholesterol: fatty substance found in body cells and animal fats – eggs, meat, shellfish, butter cream, cheese, milk, organ meats

8. Proteins • Build and repair body tissue • Provide heat and energy • Help makes antibodies • Make up to 22 amino acids (9are essential) • Main sources complete protein: meat, fish, milk, cheese, eggs, • Incomplete proteins: cereal, soybeans, dry beans, peas and peanuts

9. Vitamins • Organic compounds that are essential to life • Regulate body functions • Repair body tissues • Only a small amount required –well balanced diet provides required vitamins • Excess or deficiency can cause poor health • Water soluble or fat soluble Someone who eats fat free diet could become deficient in fat-soluble vitamins

10. Minerals • Inorganic (nonliving) elements found in all body tissues • Regulate body functions • Build and repair body tissues • They include: calcium, phosphorus, sodium,potassium, iron, iodine, fluorine and others.

11. Water • Found in all body tissues • Essential for digestion • Makes up most of blood plasma • Helps body tissues absorb nutrient • Helps move waste material through body Average person should drink 6-8 glasses of water a day.

12. Utilization of Nutrients • Digestion- breaks down the foods we eat by 1. Mechanical or chemical 2. Peristalsis • Absorption – process of taking in nutrients by the body 1. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine 2. Water, salts and some vitamins in large intestine

13. Metabolism – use of nutrients by the body 1. Basal Metabolic rate (BMR) Measuring Food Energy 1. Calorie- the amount of heat produced during metabolism 2. Most people use an average of 3,500 calories/day 3. To lose wt. a person must take in fewer calories then are burned 4. To gain weight, a person must take in more calories than the body uses. Utilization.

14. Write questions and use the web site to find answers….

15. Therapeutic Diets • http://www.dietsite.com/dt/diets/hearthealthy/lowsalt.asp • Regular Liquid Soft • Diabetic Low Calorie • High Calorie Low Cholesterol • Fat-restricted Sodium-restricted • Protein Bland Low-residue