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Struggles for Equal Rights: Black Power to Chicano Movement

Explore the expanding struggle for equal rights in the 1960s and 1970s, from the rise of Black Power to the Chicano Movement and the fight for Native American, Hispanic, gay, and women's rights.

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Struggles for Equal Rights: Black Power to Chicano Movement

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  1. Chapter 14(B) The Expanding Struggle for Equal Rights

  2. Civil Rights to Black Power • By 1966, the term “Black Power” had become a rallying cry for no more than 15 % • Beginning w/ Watts, the major race riots of 1965 & 1966 occurred largely outside the South • Malcolm X told blacks they should be proud of their race and started the term African American Malcolm X

  3. Martin Luther King Jr. • This lead MLK to decide to emphasize the need for economic uplift for the black urban poor. • This is what MLK was working on when he was assassinated in 1968

  4. Rebellious Youths: the New Left • Tom Hayden and the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) • Mario Savio and the free-speech movement • The Yippies & the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago • The Upset Middle-Class

  5. Rebellious Youths: the Counterculture • They were direct descendants of the beats of the 1950s • Harvard professor Timothy Leary: “Tune in, Turn on, drop out.” • Long hair, jeans, tie-dyed shirts, sandals, drugs, rock, Asian mysticism, communes • The Hippie movement ultimately succumbed to commercialism

  6. Feminism • 1963 Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique: explained the unhappiness of many middle-class women • 1966 the National Organization for Women (NOW) • 1972 Title IX • 1973 Roe v. Wade • 1982 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) fails

  7. The Sexual Revolution • The most important factor behind the sexual revolution of the 1960s was the development of birth-control pills • Therefore, society became more tolerant of premarital sex and women became more sexually active.

  8. Hispanic Rights & Cesar Chavez • The Bracero Program ends in 1964 • Chavez had been a migrant laborer • In 1962, Chavez starts to United Farm Works • UFW used boycotts to pressure grape growers • Chavez was committed to nonviolent tactics • 1975 CA legislature passes bill requiring growers to bargain collectively with farm workers

  9. Native American Rights • Native Americans had the highest percentage of poverty in America • In 1963, The American Indian Movement began • 200 Sioux occupied Wounded Knee in 1973 • Indian activists discovered that their most effective tactic for change was taking legal action to force the government to adhere to old treaties Inside Wounded Knee 1973

  10. Gay Rights • In its earliest years, the gay rights movement emphasized the importance of gays “coming out” • By 1973 there were 800 gay organizations • But the conservative moralists and Christian Fundamentalists fought back and by the end of the 1970s it had lost momentum

  11. The Chicano Movement • Hector Perez- worked for Mexican American Rights in Texas • Dolores Huerta- worked w/ Chavez and went on to work for women’s rights and received the Medal of Freedom in 2012. • These court case made gave equal rights to Mexican Americans • Mendez v. Westminster ISD • Delgado v. Bastrop ISD • Hernandez v. Texas • White v. Regester • Edgewood ISD v. Kirby

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