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Why did the relationship between the ‘Big 3’ begin to break down by 1945?

Why did the relationship between the ‘Big 3’ begin to break down by 1945?. USA- Roosevelt USSR- Stalin UK- Churchill. Today we will:. Investigate what happened at the Yalta Conference. Explain why the relationship between the Big 3 powers broke down. Recap. Define: Communist

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Why did the relationship between the ‘Big 3’ begin to break down by 1945?

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  1. Why did the relationship between the ‘Big 3’ begin to break down by 1945? USA- Roosevelt USSR- Stalin UK- Churchill

  2. Today we will: Investigate what happened at the Yalta Conference. Explain why the relationship between the Big 3 powers broke down.

  3. Recap Define: • Communist • Capitalist • Cold War

  4. The ‘Big Three’… • The Big 3– USSR, USA and Great Britain were the important powers in the world. • Towards the end of the Second World War they all had very different aims about what should be done in Europe.

  5. Yalta Conference USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Watch first 2 mins 50 of video using hyperlink on picture In early February 1945, Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA), Winston Churchill (UK) and Joseph Stalin (USSR) met in the Black Sea port city of Yalta to discuss the post war administration of Europe. At the time of the conference, Allied forces had pushed Nazi Germany to the brink of collapse, all sides recognised the end of World War II was imminent but all wanted very different things…

  6. The USA President Franklin D. Roosevelt all the countries in Eastern Europe should be free, democratic and independent. This was a solution which seemed obvious to the USA as it was very strong and was in no danger of being invaded by anyone.

  7. All countries of Eastern Europe should be freed from Nazi rule and have democracy. Great Britain:P.M. Winston Churchill Churchill “offered” a deal by which countries were divided up into ‘spheres of influence’ (areas they had political power over).

  8. The USSR Joseph Stalin - took a very different view. Germany - Stalin wanted to make sure that the Nazis were removed and that Germany itself could never damage the USSR again. Eastern Europe- Wanted these to be friendly towards the USSR and act as a buffer zone between the two countries.

  9. The big issues towards the end of WW2 • What will happen to Poland? • What will happen to Eastern Europe? • What will happen to Germany? • What will happen to Japan? (Japan had attacked the USA at Pearl Harbour in 1941 which had lead to the USA joining the war & declaring war on JAPAN). • Who will be part of the United Nations and rebuild the world? • Who will pay reparations (money to repair your country)- how much?

  10. Problems with Poland UK had entered WW2 in 1939 to defend Poland but Germany and the USSR had gained Polish territory. Stalin wanted Poland to expand even further West so there would be a ‘buffer zone’ between Germany and the USSR. Stalin wanted to make sure Poland had a pro-Soviet government.

  11. Buffer zone? This is a neutral country between two hostile countries – meant to prevent them from going to war.

  12. The Yalta Negotiating Game! • You will each get a list of your man’s priorities at the Yalta Conference. They are listed in order or importance, and are worth a certain number of points. (The more points the more difficult the negotiation will be) • Each issue will be discussed and voted on. • An issue can only be resolved with a 2-1 vote! • Try and persuade at least one other leader to agree to your priorities. • You can trade your support on an issue – e.g. ‘I will support you on Poland if you support me on…..” • Whoever finishes with the most points wins!

  13. This is a game of negotiation and compromise– You cannot win on every issue! You must learn to trade on an issue that is less of a priority for you! Roosevelt Churchill Stalin

  14. Despite Roosevelt's efforts, however, Stalin drove a hard bargain at Yalta. Roosevelt's physical weakness as a dying man and Churchill's political weakness as head of a dying empire left Stalin in the strongest bargaining position of the three. The fact that Soviet forces were much larger than their American and British allies further strengthened Stalin's hand.

  15. The end result…… Yalta - February 1945: Germany was not yet defeated, so, although there were tensions about Poland, the big three - Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill - managed to agree to: • Split Germany into four zones of occupation • Allow free elections in Eastern European countries. • Russia was invited to join the United Nations. • Russia promised to join the war against Japan when Germany was defeated.

  16. What happened really? Task Time • Read the outcome sheet and complete the table • Who would be happiest with each outcome? Finished? Answer the questions at the bottom of the sheet. Watch hyperlink On picture

  17. Starter : What really happened at Yalta? • Read over the outcome sheet and check that you have complete the table • Make sure you can explain who would be happiest with each outcome? Finished? Answer the questions at the bottom of the sheet. Watch hyperlink On picture

  18. Today we will: Investigate what happened at the Potsdam Conference. Understand the different ideologies and plans between the USSR and USA Explain the origins of the Cold War

  19. Brief timeline- End of WW2 1945 • February 4-11: Yalta Conference meeting of FDR, Churchill, Stalin - the 'Big Three‘ • Soviet Union has control of Eastern Europe. The Cold War Begins • 12th April – President Truman elected • May 8: VE Day - Victory in Europe. Germany surrenders to the Red Army in Berlin • July: Potsdam Conference - Germany was officially partitioned into four zones of occupation.

  20. Ruined relationships… In 1945, Harry S Truman became president of the USA. He hated the Russians However the wartime alliance between the Soviet Union and America was also wrecked by huge differences in ideology between the two countries in: Politics - America was capitalist, Russia was communist. Lifestyle - America had freedom and a two-party democracy; Russia had secret police and a one-party state. Aims - America wanted Germany to recover as a trading partner; Russia wanted to weaken Germany and create a buffer zone of friendly states around Russia. The Russians only understand one language - how many armies have you got? I'm tired of babying the Soviets.

  21. How to set out your answer One important difference between the USA and the USSR was…. This helped to cause tension because…. Pick two differences between America and Russia. Explain what they are and why they are helping cause tension..

  22. Potsdam Conference Read your information about the Conference and choose a set of questions. Option two is more challenging. How did Potsdam signal the end of the ‘Big 3’?

  23. Potsdam - July 1945: Germany had been defeated, Roosevelt had died and Churchill had lost the 1945 election - so there were open disagreements. Clement Atlee was the new PM in UK Harry Truman was the new President in USA After Potsdam: Truman came away angry about the size of reparations and the fact that a communist government was being set up in Poland. Truman did not tell Stalin that he was planning to use the atomic bomb against Japan.

  24. Secret Telegrams (1946) Both Truman and Stalin were concerned that the other might launch an attack, so they asked for secret reports from their embassies to help understand what their opponent was thinking. The American ambassador in Russia reported that Stalin had given a speech calling for the destruction of capitalism and that the USSR was building up its military power. The Russian ambassador in America reported that Truman desired to dominate the world and that the American public were being prepared for war with the USSR.

  25. Exam Practice Describe what was decided at the Yalta Conference in 1945? (4) 4 marks mean 4 points. (facts) Finished? What is this image trying to demonstrate?

  26. Swap over and Peer Assess Describe what was decided at the Yalta Conference in February 1945?[4] • ‘Germany was to be divided into four zones of occupation.’ • ‘The zones to be controlled by USA, USSR, Britain and France.’ ‘A United Nations Organisation to be set up to keep the peace.’ • ‘As east European Countries liberated they would be able to hold free elections to set up • democratic governments.’ • ‘In Poland free elections were to be held.’

  27. Challenge Question! Was the Cold War inevitable?

  28. Today we will: Investigate what happened at the Potsdam Conference. Understand the different ideologies and plans between the USSR and USA Explain the origins of the Cold War

  29. Brief timeline • February 4-11: Yalta Conference meeting of FDR, Churchill, Stalin - the 'Big Three‘ • Soviet Union has control of Eastern Europe. The Cold War Begins • May 8: VE Day - Victory in Europe. Germany surrenders to the Red Army in Berlin • July: Potsdam Conference - Germany was officially partitioned into four zones of occupation.  • August 6: The United States drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima (20 kiloton bomb 'Little Boy' kills 80,000)  • August 8: Russia declares war on Japan • August 9: The United States drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki (22 kiloton 'Fat Man' kills 70,000) • August 14 : Japanese surrender End of World War II • August 15: Emperor surrender broadcast - VJ Day

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