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Exploring Evolution: Change Over Time

Understand the concept of evolution through fossil evidence and genetic relationships between species. Learn about key evidence supporting evolution and how organisms change over time. Dive into similarities in DNA, body structures, and early development patterns.

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Exploring Evolution: Change Over Time

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  1. Change Over Time- 7th Grade Ms. De Los Rios 11.1 Essential Question: How do Life Forms Change over time? What is Evolution? What Evidence Supports Evolution? Evidence of Evolution Pgs. 378-383

  2. Vocabulary • Evolution- Change over time. The • process by which modern organisms • have descended from ancient • organisms. • Gene –a sequence of DNA that • determines characteristics or traits • in an organism and are passed on • from parent to offspring. • Homologous structures – Structures • that are similar in different species • and that have been inherited from • a common ancestor.

  3. My Planet Diary pg. 378 • Moving On Up • In 2004, researchers on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, in the Canadian Arctic, found a fossil that provides information about when fish first came onto land. The fossil, called Tiktaalik, is 375 million years old. Tiktaalik has characteristics of both fish and four-legged animals. Like other fish, it has fins. However, the fins have interior bones that helped push the animal up in the shallow waters close to shore to find food. The discovery of Tiktaalik has provided new fossil evidence to help scientists understand the relationship between marine vertebrates and land vertebrates. • What characteristics does Tiktaalik have that are like a fish and a four-legged animal? • Do you think Tiktaalik spent most of its time on land or in water? Why?

  4. Online Resources • Brainpop • Charles Darwin • Human Evolution • Fossils • DNA

  5. What is Evolution? Pg. 379 The diversity of life today and in the past can be explained by Evolution. Evolutionis change over time. Over millions of years, evolution has resulted in organisms no longer living as well as the ones alive today. By understanding evolution, we can begin to understand the history of life on Earth. The scientific theory of evolution explains how living things descended from earlier organisms.

  6. Assess Your Understanding pg. 379 • Wooly Mammoth are no longer living, • But they share a common ancestor • With Asian elephants. • List one similarity that you can see • between these two organisms. Then • list one difference. • ____________________________ • ____________________________ • ____________________________ • I get It! Now I know that the scientific theory of evolution • ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  7. What Evidence Supports Evolution? Pg. 380 • How do scientists know that organisms change over time? • They rely on 4 types of evidence that support the theory of evolution • FOSSILS • SIMILARITIES IN DNA AND PROTEIN STRUCTURES • SIMILAR BODY STRUCTURES • PATTERNS OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT • Fossils, similarities in DNA and protein structures, similar body structures, and patterns of early development all provide evidence that organisms have changed over time.

  8. FOSSILS pg. 380 • By examining fossils, scientists can infer the structures of ancient/old organisms. The fossil record provides clues about how and when new species evolved and how organisms are related. • r. 2 p. • Jurassic Park

  9. Fig. 2 A Florida Fossil pg. 380 How do these jawbones look similar? ____________________________________________________________________________________ How do they help to confirm the theory of evolution? ____________________________________________________________________________________

  10. Similarities in DNA and Protein Structures pg. 381 • Why do some species have similar body structures or similar patterns of development? • Scientists infer that species inherited many of the same genes from a common ancestor. • Genes are DNA sequences that • determine an organism’s characteristics. • The DNA bases along a gene specify what type of protein will be produced. Therefore, scientists can also compare the order of amino acids in a protein to see how closely related two species are. • Evidence from DNA and protein structure has confirmed conclusions about evolutionary relationships among organisms based on fossils, embryos, and body structure.

  11. Apply It! Pg. 381 • Section of Cytochrome c Protein in Animals • The table shows the sequence of amino acids in one region of a protein, cytochrome c, for five different animals. Each letter corresponds to a different amino acid in the protein. • Which species is most • distantly related to the • horse? • 2. Explain how amino • Acid sequences provide • Information about • Evolutionary relationships • Among organisms.

  12. Similarities in Body Structure pg. 382 • An organism’s body structure is its basic body plan, which, in vertebrates, includes how its bones are arranged. • Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals all have an internal skeleton with a backbone. • This similarity provides evidence that these animal groups evolved from a common ancestor. • homologous structures are similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor.

  13. Fig. 3 Evidence of Evolution pg. 382 Homologous Structures The bones in a bird’s wing, a dolphin’s flipper, and a dog’s leg have similar structures. Which bones in the dog's leg match those in the flipper and which match those in the wing? Using the drawing of the dog’s leg as a guide, Color in the matching bones in the bird’s wing and the dolphin’s flipper with the appropriate colors.

  14. Similarities in Early Development pg. 383 • Scientists also infer evolutionary relationships by comparing the early development of different organisms. Similarities can further suggest that species are related to a common ancestor. • A look at the organisms show that: • They look similar in early stages • of development. • All the organisms have a tail. • They also have a row of tiny slits • Along their throats. • The similarities suggest that these • Vertebrate species are related and • Share a common ancestor.

  15. Similarities in Development pg. 383 • These four organisms all look similar during their early development. What are similarities and differences among them? • Circle at least two similarities shared by all four organisms. • ____________________________________________ • What are some differences between the organisms? • ____________________________________________________

  16. Assess Your Understanding pg. 383 • 1a. __________________________structures • are structurally similar body parts in related • species. • b. Bats and birds both have wings. What kinds • of evidence might show whether or not bats • and birds are closely related? Explain. • _________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • I get It! Now I know that the theory of evolution • is suported by evidence that includes _________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________

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