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Lesson 8.2 “The Roman Republic”

Learn about the Roman Republic's social classes, government structure, key officials, wars, and victories, like the Punic Wars against Carthage. Explore the roles of patricians, plebeians, the Senate, consuls, and the legacy of Cincinnatus, a Roman dictator turned hero farmer. Discover how the Twelve Tables shaped Roman law and governance.

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Lesson 8.2 “The Roman Republic”

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  1. Lesson 8.2 “The Roman Republic”

  2. Rome’s Government

  3. What were the 2 social classes in ancient Rome? Patricians and Plebeians

  4. Which social class consisted of Rome’s wealthy landowners? patricians

  5. What groups of peoples made up the plebeian social class? Artisans, shopkeepers and farmers

  6. Name 2 responsibilities that all Roman citizens had. 1. to pay taxes2. to serve in the army

  7. Which social class had less social status? plebeians

  8. Which social class was allowed to hold public office? patricians

  9. Were plebeian and patricians men both allowed to be citizens? yes

  10. What is a tripartite? The 3 part government that Rome had

  11. What were the names of the two twin brothers who legend says founded Rome? Romulus and Remus

  12. What is the purpose of “checks and balances” in Roman government? To make sure no one part of the government got too strong

  13. Who were the top government officials in the Roman Republic? consuls

  14. What were the 2 main responsibilities of the consuls? • They ran the government • They headed the army

  15. What were consuls allowed to do if they disagreed with another consul’s decision? They could veto it

  16. How long was a term of a consul (how long were they in office?) 2 years

  17. What were the main responsibilities of praetors in Rome? To interpret the law and act as judges in court

  18. What is the main job of the “legislative” part of the Roman government? To make laws

  19. What two groups made up the lawmaking body of government in Rome? The Senate and the Assembly of Centuries

  20. Members of which social class belonged in the Senate in ancient Rome? patricians

  21. Why were plebeians upset with the Roman Republic? They wanted to have more equal rights with the patricians

  22. What actions did the plebeians take to try to get equal rights? They went on strike; they refused to serve in the army.

  23. How did life change for plebeians after their revolt? 1. They were allowed to set up their own body of representatives 2. They were allowed to marry patricians 3. They were allowed to become consuls

  24. What term was used to describe Roman leaders who were given complete control during times of emergency? dictator

  25. Who is the best known early Roman dictator? Cincinnatus

  26. What was Cincinnatus’ job before he became a dictator? He was a farmer

  27. Approximately how long was Cincinnatus dictator of Rome? About 16 days

  28. What term is used to refer to the idea that citizens have a responsibility to help their own country? Civic duty

  29. What was a Roman victory parade called? A triumph

  30. What was Rome’s first code of laws called? The Twelve Tables

  31. How were the Twelve Tables different than earlier laws in Rome? Earlier laws were not written down.

  32. Rome Expands

  33. Who was Rome’s main enemy in the Mediterranean? Carthage

  34. What early civilization founded Carthage? The Phoenicians

  35. What was the main occupation of the Phoenicians? They were sea traders

  36. How did the people of Carthage get rich? By trading

  37. What caused the First Punic War? Carthage and Rome both wanted to control Sicily

  38. What major change was made to the Roman military during the First Punic War? They formed a navy to fight Carthage, which was a sea power

  39. Who won the First Punic War? Rome

  40. What were the results of the First Punic War? • Carthage had to leave Sicily • Carthage had to pay a huge fine to the Romans • Sicily came under Roman rule

  41. Where did Carthage try to expand to after their loss in Sicily? Spain

  42. What caused the Second Punic War? Carthage tried to expand their empire into Spain and Rome didn’t want Carthage that close to their border.

  43. Who won the Second Punic War? Rome

  44. What were the results of the Second Punic War? • Carthage gave up Spain to Rome • Carthage gave up its navy • Carthage paid a large fine

  45. What was Carthage’s only strength left after the Second Punic War? It was still a major trading center

  46. Who won the Third Punic War? Rome

  47. What were the results of the Third Punic War? Carthage became a Roman province

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