Understanding Mental Illness: Definitions and Categories

1. Intermediate CIT Course TCOLE Course # 3841 Texas Commission On Law Enforcement PARTICIPANT HANDOUT 16-hr Two (2) Day Course AND UNIT TWO BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint

2. Unit Goal: 2.0. • To sensitize the participant to the adversity of mental illness.

3. 2.1. • Define the term “mentalillness”.

4. Definitions: • General Definition of Mental Illness. • Professional Definition of Mental Illness. • Definition of Insanity. • Abnormal vs. Normal Behavior.

5. General Definition “Illness, disease, or condition that either substantially impacts a person’s thought, perceptionof reality, emotional process, or judgment, or grossly _______ a person’s behavior, as manifested by recent disturbance behavior.”

6. Professional Definition Mentalillnessis diagnosed based on ________ and ___________ as evaluated by a psychiatrist, psychologist, licensed professional counselor, licensed social worker, or other qualified professionals using a tool known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

7. Insanity Legal Term ________________ is considered “a diminished capacity and inability to tell right from wrong.” This is not a psychological term. The definition varies from state to state. It is generally used by the court with regard to an individual’s competency to stand trial.

8. Abnormal Versus Normal Behavior A sharp dividing line between “normal” and “abnormal” behavior does not exist. Adjustment seems to follow what is called a “normal distribution,” with most people clustered around the center and the rest spreading out toward the extremes.

9. Basic Facts • There are two distinct types of mental illnesses • _______ to ___________ mental illnesses which are caused by psychological, biological, genetic, or environmental conditions • ___________ mental illnesses due to severe stress which may be only temporary

10. Basic Facts – Cont’d • Anyone can have a mental illness, regardless of age, gender, race or socio-economic level. • Mental illnesses are more common than cancer, diabetes, heart disease or AIDS. • Mental illness can occur at any age.

11. Basic Facts – Cont’d • ___ to ___% of individuals may be affected by mental illness. • __.__million children are affected by mental, developmental or behavioraldisorders.

12. Basic Facts – Cont’d • Nearly ___- ______ of all people with a diagnosable mental disorder do not seek treatment.

13. Basic Facts – Cont’d • With proper treatment, many people affected with mental illness can return to __________, productive lives. • Mental illness can - and should - be __________. — Basic Facts About Mental Illness — NAMI Texas

14. OCD Video (View video newscast from “Train the Trainer” materials-updated version ))

15. 2.2. Four Categories of Mental Illness Four prominent categories of mental illness. 1. ____________Disorders 2. ________Disorders 3. _______________ 4. _________________Disorders

16. 2.3. Personality Disorders Disorders as they relate to law enforcement officercontact.

17. 2.3 Personality Disorders Many individuals who are functioning well in their lives may display _____________________of what are known as personalitydisorders

18. 2.3 Personality Disorders Continued Individuals experiencing these disorders show __________ _______ that are inflexible, maladaptive, or inappropriate for the situation, and this causes significant problems in their lives.

19. 2.3 Personality Disorders Continued Those individuals who have personality disorders usually have very little insight that they have a problem, and tend to believe that the __________ are caused by other people, the “system,” or the world at large.

20. 2.3 Personality Disorders Continued These traits are often accompanied by some form of ____________ and may also be seen in those with chemical dependency problems.

21. 2.3 Personality Disorders Continued Persons with personality disordersare not usually treated like those with other mental illnesses, but are taught a variety of ____________ and ________ skills, or treated for other problems such as chemical dependency or depression.

22. 2.3 Personality Disorders CAUSES Although the causes for these disorders may not seem relevant for the officer dealing with these individuals, their backgrounds are significant

23. Personality Disorders CAUSES – Cont’d It is believed that most personality disorders are caused by • a family _______ - usually beginning at a young age - of physical or emotional abuse, • lack of ________ and responsibility, poor relationships with one or both parents, and • alcohol or drug abuse.

24. 2.4 Personality Disorders Encountered By Law Enforcement Common personalitydisorders that may be encountered by peace officers include; • _________personality disorder, • _________personality disorder, and • _________personality disorder.

25. 2.4 Personality Disorders Encountered By Law Enforcement 1. Paranoid: A. Tendency to ________the actions of others as deliberately threatening or demeaning B. Foresee being in _________ to be used or harmed by others

26. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 1. ____________: C. Perceive ___________ from other people 2. _____________: A. Most commonly recognized in males (____________) Lone Wolfe

27. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 2.Antisocial: B. A pattern of _________________ and antisocial behavior diagnosed at or after age 18 C.May have one or more of the following:

28. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 2.Antisocial C - Continued: 1.) History of _________ as a child or adolescent, may have run away from home 2.) Starting _______ 3.) Using weapons

29. Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 2.Antisocial C - Continued: 4.) Physically abusing _________ or other ___________ 5.) Deliberately destroying others’ ____________ 6.) ________

30. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 2.Antisocial C - Continued: 7.) ____________ 8.) Other illegalbehavior D. As adults, these people often have trouble with ______ and are reluctant or unwilling to conform to society’s expectations of family and work

31. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 2.Antisocial: E. These individuals know that what they are doing is _________, but do it anyway

32. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 3. ____________: A. Most commonly recognized in females B. May have one or more of the following: 1.) unstable and intense personal relationships

33. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 3.Borderline B: 2.) ____________ with sex, relationships, spending, food, drugs, 3.) intense ______ or lack of control of anger 4.) recurrent ____________ threats

34. 2.4 Personality disorders encountered by law enforcement officers – Cont’d 3.Borderline B: 5.) chronic feelings of ___________ or boredom 6.) feelings of _____________

35. 2.5. Prevalent behaviors associated with personality disorders.

36. Behaviors associated with personality disorders People with personality disorders usually will not seek _____________ because they don’t think they have a problem

37. Behaviors associated with personality disorders – Cont’d They may end up in the criminal justice system because their disorder may lead them to break laws and come to the ____________ of law enforcement by theft, by hot-check writing, by fraud, etc.

38. Behaviors associated with personality disorders – Cont’d They may use alcohol and illegal substances as a form self-medication, due to the __________and the consequences of their behaviors They often need treatment for chemical dependency or depression.

39. 2.6. Mood Disorders Mood Disorders as they relate to officer contact.

40. Discuss Mood Disorders as they relate to officer contact A. A mood disorder is another type of mental illness demonstrated by disturbances in one’s _____________ reactionsand feelings. B. Severe depression and bipolar disorder, also known as manic ____________, are referred to as mood disorders.

41. Discuss Mood Disorders as they relate to officer contact – Cont’d C. Recognizable behaviors that associate with mood disorders could include: 1.) lack of _______ and _________ in activities, 2.) extreme and rapid _____ swings,

42. Discuss Mood Disorders as they relate to officer contact – Cont’d C. Continued: 3.) impaired _____________, 4.) explosive ____________, 5.) increased ____________ and 6.) ____________

43. Discuss Mood Disorders as they relate to officer contact – Cont’d D. Causes: Researchers believe that a complex _________ in the brain’schemical activity plays a prominent role in mental illness selectivity in the individual. E. ________________ factors can also be a trigger or buffer against the onset.

44. 2.7. Two most common mood disorders encountered by law enforcement officers. 1. Depression 2. Bipolar Disorder

45. 2.7 Depression Depression is a common, widespread disorder. Most people have experienced some form of _________ in their lifetime or even had repeated bouts with depression.

46. 2.7 Depression – Cont’d Depression is a natural reaction to; • ____________ • ____________, • ____________, or • ____________.

47. 2.7 Depression – Cont’d Major depression is not just a bad mood or feeling “blue” but a disorder that affects thinking and behavior not caused by any other physical or mental disorder.

48. 2.7 Depression – Cont’d A major depressive syndrome is defined as a depressed _____ or loss of _________ of at least two weeks duration accompanied by symptoms such as; • weight loss/gain and • difficultyconcentrating.

49. 2.7 Depression – Cont’d Five or more symptoms are generally present during the same two-week period and are represented by a change from previous functioning. Depressed mood or loss of interest must also be included as a symptom.

50. 2.7 Depression – Cont’d Other symptoms of depression: • Prolonged feelings of __________ or excessive guilt • Loss of _______ in usual activities • Difficulty ___________ or making decisions