Loyal British Subjects

1. Loyal British Subjects Really?

2. Vocabulary Boycott French and Indian War Intolerable Acts Proclamation of 1763 Sugar Tax Quartering act Stamp Act Intolerable Acts Tea Act Albany Plan Ben Franklin Boston Massacre

3. North America in 1750 1650-1750 the colonies developed self government. Americans were very loyal to the King…….but things are about to change!!!!

4. North American controlled by France and England England France Native Americans lived in both England’s territory and France. France had fewer settlers they were no threat to Native American lands As colonies grew more English settlers moved into the Ohio river valley

5. French and Native Americans in 1750 The French began to build Forts in the Ohio River valley to support their claim to that Land. Virginia colony claimed the land all the way to the Mississippi River Virginia decided to send soldiers to force the French out. PA PIVER OHIO VA NC

6. English Colonists began to move west of the Appalachian mountains into the Ohio River Valley The Native Americans began to attack these settlers. These tribes were determined not to lose their lands to the Settlers. The French supported the Native Americans with weapons and training. The Colonists and the King knew of the French supportand tensions increased the Tensions iin the relations between England and France.

7. Confronting the French • Virginia sent a young 21 leader of the militia George Washington to tell the French to leave. • French refused, Washington returned to Virginia • Washington returned to Ohio with troops to build a fort. French had already built a fort in the same place.

8. The Ohio Valley First Battle King Reacts Called meeting of colonial leaders to cooperate to defend themselves from French. The Albany Congress Ben Franklin’s, The Albany Plan of Union. A Council of Representatives elected by colonial assemblies. Council authority over western settlements, Native Americans, and other matters. Council could organize armies & collect taxes to pay expenses. The Albany Congress approved Franklin’s plan, the colonial assemblies rejected it.

9. 1754  Albany Plan of Union Advertisement encouraging colonial legislatures to adopt the Albany plan of Union

10. 1756  War Is Formally Declared! Colonists and Britain's have tensions between them as they fight against the French and Indians Colonists style of fighting verses British • Guerilla style fighting tactics • Col. militias served under own captains • No military disciplines followed. • Resistance to rising taxes. • Fight in formation • Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials • Drills & tough discipline • Colonists should pay or their own defense

11. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England British brings in General Wolfe France loses control of land in North America agree to a Treaty

12. Treaty of ParisThe Major Terms of the Treaty France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River Spain -->got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.

13. Effects of the War on Britain? It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings among the colonials. Effect of the War on the Colonies The began to think of themselves as a united group. They were united against a common enemy. See themselves as different than the British. Colonists expected Britain to be grateful for their help in the war .

14. North America in 1763

15. So What Comes Next? Two different approaches

16. Native Americans aren’t Happy • British won so colonists flocked into Ohio River Valley. • Native Americans under leadership of Pontiac rebel and kill settlers, and settlers attack back.

17. Proclamation of 1763 • To prevent any more wars with the Native Americans • Colonists were not allowed to move pass the line. • Colonists believed they had the right to move and ignored it. • Hugh debt for England from the war!! • England felt colonies should pay for it. • Because 1000’s of troops were needed to protect settlers from Native Americans, and to keep the French from trying to regain lost land

18. British attempts to Get out of Debtpass the Sugar Act Duty or import tax on Molasses and other products. Severe punishments on smugglers of Molasses Colonists respond in in Anger and loud Complaints More Taxes…..Quartering Act One year later, Parliament passed the Quartering Act. To enforce the Proclamation of 1763, Britain kept about 10,000 soldiers in the colonies. The act required colonists to quarter, or house, British troops and provide them with food and other supplies. The colonists protested angrily. The colonists complained that Parliament was violating their rights.

19. STAMP ACT Colonists react The Stamp Act required that all colonists buy special tax stamps for all kinds of products and activities. Thestampshad to be placed on newspapers, wills, licenses, insurancepolicies, land titles, contracts, and other documents. Colonies protest!!!!! Virginia House of Burgesses saidonly they have the right to tax Virginians!!!!! Others colonies follow. Nine colonies, met and decided to protest. Petitioned the King demanding the repeal of the Sugar Act and Stamp Act.

20. Parliaments Response to the Protests The Townsend Acts • The Crown wanted to tax the colonies in a way that wouldn’t anger them. So the Townsend Acts would no longer tax products or activities in the colonies. • They would only tax products brought into the colonies. • IMPORTS Declaratory Act Parliament had total authority over the colonies.

21. The Townsend Acts The Townshend Acts set up a system to enforce new import duties. To help customs officers find illegal goods, they use writs of assistance—courtorders allowed officials to search without saying for what they were searching. Many colonists saw these writs and the searches as yet another violation of their rights.

22. Bold Step by Parliament Charles Townshend, in charge of the British treasury, wanted to weaken the colonial assemblies. When the New York assembly refused to supply money, housing and food for soldiers per Quartering Act, Parliament suspended the New York assembly. The colonists again reacted by boycotting British goods.

23. The Colonies Protests Worked Parliament repealed all the Townshend duties—except the one on tea. That tax was left to demonstrate Parliament’s right to tax the colonies. Where the imports came from.

24. Parliament had not acted in time.Resulting in the Boston Massacre!! March 5, 1770, in Boston, an angry crowd of workers and sailors surrounded a small group of soldiers. They shouted at the soldiers and threw snowballs and rocks at them. The frightened soldiers fired into the crowd, killing five and wounding six.

25. Committees of Correspondence Colonialleaders saw the need to keep in closer contact with people in other colonies. The committees wrote letters and pamphlets to spread the alarm whenever Britain enforced unpopular acts of Parliament. The committees unite the colonists against Britain.

26. Boston Tea Party Colonists organized port cities to stop the unloading East India tea. Threatened ship captains bringing tea and merchants who buy it. No tea was unloadedin New York, and other ports. In Boston, the Gov. decided the tea would be unloaded. When tea ships arrived, Gov. ordered the cargo unloaded.

27. Boston Tea Party Large group of men disguised as Native Americans boarded a tea ship. They threw 342 cases of tea into the harbor. The crowd cheered and the raiders destroyed 90,000 pounds of tea worth thousands of dollars. Was this the final straw?

28. The Intolerable Acts King furious. Parliament passes 4 new laws: Colonists Called Intolerable

29. COLONIES REACT • All the colonies tried to help the people of Boston. • Food and other supplies poured into Boston • The Committee of Correspondence organized a meeting to discuss what to do next. • That meeting, was the First Continental Congress, • Tookplace in Philadelphia in September and October 1774.

30. First Continental Congress The Congress demanded repeal, or official end, of the Intolerable Acts. Declared colonies had a right to tax and govern themselves. Called for the training of militias to stand up to British troops . New boycott of British goods. Voted to meet again in May 1775 if demands were not met.

31. What Was Happening in North Carolina during 1750 and 1775 • How did North Carolinians react? • Was there conflict in our state?

32. What was Happening in North Carolina? • The King buys North Carolina from the Lord Proprietors. • First Governor had to struggle with Albemarle jealousy of Cape Fear Area. Albemarle boycotts the assembly • Many new settlers, settlers felt threatened by Cherokees. • French and Indian war made relations with Cherokees worse.

33. What was Happening in North Carolina? • Governor Dobbs dies, puts the colony in debt. • 1750 back country towns being established from colonists from other colonies. • 1765 Tryon appointed Governor, wanted to get permanent capital for colonial assembly. • Stimulate the economy, gain more control over the colony • Wanted church of England to be church of the colony

34. What was Happening in North Carolina? • Coastal residents supported Tryon, back country didn’t. NC citizens (called Regulators) marched on Hillsborough. Tryon ordered militia to march “against the insurgents” Tryon executed one Regulator and hung another After the French and Indian war North Carolinians almost had open rebellion at Cape Fear over the stamp act tax.

35. What was Happening in North Carolina? • NC response to Tea Tax. • Resolve not to by British Goods • Set supplies to Massachusetts • NC Women meet to promise they will not drink British Tea

36. Road to Revolution Review • French and Indian war---led to dept. for the King • Lead to series of new taxes • Sugar Act • Quartering Act • Stamp Act • Declaratory Act • Townshend Acts • Committee of Correspondence

37. Road to Revolution Review Cont. • Tea Act • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Quebec Act • First Continental Congress

38. What Will Happen Next?