1 / 13

Culture and the Individual

Culture and the Individual. GENDER SPECTRUMS. Gender. The social and cultural components of being male and female. Bem Androgeny Scale. Masculine Index Feminine Index Male Median Score: 23 21

jelani-nolan
Télécharger la présentation

Culture and the Individual

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Culture and the Individual GENDER SPECTRUMS

  2. Gender The social and cultural components of being male and female.

  3. Bem Androgeny Scale Masculine Index Feminine Index Male Median Score: 23 21 Female Median Score: 22 25 High Male, Low Female ……………Masculine High Female, Low Male ……………Feminine High Male, High Female…………...Androgenous Low Male, Low Female ……………Undifferentiated

  4. Gender-Crossing Behaviors and Traditions • Cross-dressing rituals • Female Warriors • Same Sex Marriages • Inter-gendered religious practitioners • Entertainers

  5. Alternative Gender Systems Berdache Native America Ihamana Zuni Amazon Native America Hijras India & Pakistan Bissu, Calalai & Calabai Sulawesi (Indonesia) Waria Java & Bali Fa’afafine Samoa Fakaleiti Tonga Rae Rae/Maju Tahiti

  6. Waria from Java This alternative gender role exists in Java, Indonesia. It is a native custom that is deeply ingrained in the culture, and Muslim scholars have found that it does not violate Islamic principles.

  7. Sulawesi IndonesiaFive Genders • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9VmLJ3niVo

  8. Berdache North America Among many North American tribes, male children who display feminine characteristics at an early age are raised as Berdache, a person with both male and female characteristics who has been sent as a go-between to mediate between males and females. Berdaches were typically apprenticed to a shaman or healer. They learned to perform the work of both men and women and dressed as women.

  9. Berdache Berdache also included females choosing to live as males. Sioux women could choose to become warriors and became female husbands to female wives. Among the Kaska, families always raised one of their daughters to become a hunter and warrior. Such a women had sexual relations with other women, and sexual contact with men caused bad luck.

  10. Fa’afahine, Samoa In the Pacific, when families have too many sons, sons may be raised as girls to insure enough hands to accomplish all the women’s tasks in the household. Traditionally, as adults these individuals would continue to perform female tasks but would marry a woman. Today, fa’afahine ae frequently gay and usually choose to live as women. Families today allow such sons to choose which gender role fits them personally. Fa’afahine are valuable members of society because they combine the skills of women with the strength of men.

  11. Fa’afafina in SamoaVideohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV_g6X2PEvs

  12. Hijras Hijras are a tradition in India and Pakistan. They play a very important role in society as they provide entertainment that is required at many ritual occasions. They are men who dress and act as females. They are either born as hermaphrodites, or choose to become hijra. Many who choose to become hijra undergo castration. This was required in the past in order to work as a guard for harems, and continues today as a powerful symbol of membership in the hijra community.

  13. Hijra in India & PakistanVideos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDoVLDHSQYQ&feature=related • http://www.encyclopedia.com/video/wBs4r-uf3bw-my-big-fat-punjabi-weddinghijras.aspx • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mC-k27Kvtrw&feature=relmfu • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYxx7zeLwDk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzOK4tkGreg

More Related