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Blackberry Tissue Analysis & Monitoring for Nutritional Status in New Cultivars

Explore nutrient monitoring practices for blackberry cultivars, fertilization strategies, and tissue analysis results for optimal growth in North Carolina. Stay updated on the latest cultivar characteristics and production practices.

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Blackberry Tissue Analysis & Monitoring for Nutritional Status in New Cultivars

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  1. Blackberry Tissue AnalysisMonitoring Nutritional Status in New Cultivars David H. Hardy for BRC Plant, Waste and Solution Section NCDA&CS Agronomic Division

  2. Blackberry Acreage in NC • 1999: < 100 acres • 2002: about 150 acres • 2006: SunnyRidge Farm, Inc., indicated desire to expand production by 5-700 A • Blackberry and raspberry • 2009: about 400 acres • Future growth still expected

  3. Blackberries – Yum!!!

  4. Blackberry (Rubus) • Perennial root; biennial shoots • Primocane is vegetative; 1st year growth (no flowers or fruit) • Floricane is reproductive; 2nd year growth flowers, fruits then dies and is pruned out • Erect, semi-erect, trailing, semi-trailing

  5. New Cultivars • Erect and semi-erect • Thornless • Different harvest times • Navaho, Ouachita (others include Apache, Chester, Hull, Triple Crown, Arapaho, Chickasaw, Kiowa & Choctaw) Cultivars suited to NC are currently being developed.

  6. Navaho Erect Univ. Arkansas Thornless Mid-late season Med-high yield Great postharvest shelf life (PHSL) Ouachita Erect Univ. Arkansas Thornless High yields Big berries, great flavor Good PHSL Cultivar Characteristics

  7. NC State University, AG 697-W, 2008

  8. New Fertilization Practices • Currently, growers are more likely to spoon-feed soluble fertilizer through drip tape in addition to broadcasting or banding fertilizer.

  9. New Fertilizer Recommendations For mature blackberries: 60–80 lb N • Spring: drip a total of 50 lb N • 15 lb N March 1 • 10 lb N March 15, April 1, and April 15 • 5 lb N early May • Post harvest: apply remainder of N • Fall: no nitrogen; lime and non-nitrogenous fertilizers as needed

  10. NCDA&CS Recommendations • Developed primarily for trailing blackberry • Provided micronutrient recommendations

  11. Current Lime & Fertilizer • Lime to pH 6.0 • March:Apply 40 lb N, 40 lb P2O5, 80 lb K20 • July:Apply 60–80 lb N

  12. Current NCDA&CS Sufficiency Ranges for Blackberry(for trailing blackberry, primocane, mid season)

  13. Sufficiency Ranges from ClarkNABGA (1997) • Developed for newer cultivars • Collected from the primocane in August (or 2 weeks post harvest) • 30–60 most recently mature leaves

  14. 2006 • July, Bramble Production Workshop with SunnyRidge Farm, Inc. • November, Bramble Discussion with Gina Fernandez, David Hardy and Brenda Cleveland • Update recommendations for new cultivars and production practices

  15. We want big, sweet, berries with great shelf life

  16. How Should We Start? • Develop a baseline of plant sufficiency ranges • Focus on primocane, post harvest • Stabilized, stored N (Bernadine & Strik, 2008) • Follow with fertilization tests

  17. Plant Tissue Analysis—2007 & 2008 • Canes (2) • Growth stage (4) • Cultivars (2) • Locations (from eastern to western NC) • Most recently mature leaves (MRML) • 2007 Easter Freeze

  18. Cane • Primocane is vegetative; 1st year growth (no flowers or fruits) • Floricane is reproductive; 2nd year growth flowers, fruits then dies and is pruned out

  19. by peterb CSIRO Australia

  20. Growth Stages • Early (E): pre bloom • Bloom (B): full bloom • Fruit (F): ripe or harvesting fruit • Mature (M): 2 weeks post harvest

  21. Sample Type • Predictive – monitor nutritional status • Diagnostic – verify if problems are related to poor nutritional status

  22. LocationsCoastal Plain, east & west Piedmont & Mountain • Cleveland: 2 Commercial Growers • Granville: Oxford Tobacco Research Station • Henderson: 1 Commercial Grower • Lincoln: 4 Commercial Growers • Nash: 1 Commercial Grower • Rowan: Piedmont Research Station

  23. Cooperating Growers • Soil pH ranged from 6-6.5 • Good fertilization practices • Tissue samples collected from healthy canes that were not stressed

  24. Samples Collected

  25. Tissue Sample Results Average macronutrients concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)

  26. 2008 Average Nitrogen N>2.4-2.9% Clark 1997

  27. 2008 Average Phosphorus P>0.15% Clark 1997

  28. 2008 Average Potassium K>1.0-2.0% Clark 1997

  29. 2008 Average Calcium Ca>0.5% Clark 1997

  30. 2008 Average Magnesium Mg>0.3% Clark 1997

  31. 2008 Average Sulfur S>0.13% Clark 1997

  32. Summary & Direction

  33. Range (min/max) of Nutrient Concentrations in the Post Harvest Primocane Samples

  34. Average Nutrient Concentrations in the Post Harvest Primocane Samples

  35. In the Future • Fertilization research • Develop soil fertility recommendations to optimize yield of new cultivars • Develop new plant tissue sufficiency ranges • continue baseline study (2009) • cultivars differences • which canes/growth stages predict fertilizer needs • fine-tune nutrient management

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