Automatic Person Location Technologies and Solutions for Public Safety Users

1. Automatic Person Location Technologies and Solutions for Public Safety Users Kenneth Hubner International Business Development Manager Sepura Limited

2. Agenda • Market Drivers and Solution Influencing Factors • Command and Control Requirements • Review of current technologies • TETRA services used for location solutions • Future of APLS enabled products for public safety users

3. Market Drivers • FCC E911 Mandate in the US • Call centres • Terminal or Network implemented solutions • 50 - 100 metre accuracy for at least 67% of cases • 150 - 300 metre accuracy for at least 95% of cases • EU E112 Mandate in Europe • Still not implemented ! • No defined accuracy specified ! Both systems proposing using either TDOA or GPS • Many Blue Light Forces now mandating APLS

4. Market Drivers Public Safety Benefits Know where someone is: save LIFE. Better allocation of resources, prompt reaction to an Emergency: save TIME. Better Control of the fleet: save MONEY

5. Solution Influencing Factors • Price • Accuracy and coverage • Ergonomics • Power consumption • Can the solution be supported by TETRA ? • Network support and bandwidth requirements

6. Command & Control Requirements • Effective management • Requirements differ from AVLS • User needs to feel unthreatened by APLS • Linking of various systems/databases to provide officer with advance warning of possible dangers

7. Command & Control RequirementsAVLS example

8. Command & Control RequirementsAPLS example

9. Command & Control RequirementsAPLS with filtering

10. Review of Current Technologies Low accuracy, low cost solutions • Time difference of arrival • Enhanced observed time difference Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions • Standard GPS • Assisted GPS • Low signal strength GPS High accuracy, high cost solutions • Differential GPS • Combinations of Solutions

11. Review of Current Technologies Low accuracy, low cost solutions Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) • Inexpensive for terminals but can be very costly to implement in the network • accuracy of location is +/- 500 metres Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) • low cost, no base station support now claimed • accuracy of location is 200m - 2km Both technologies • Have good indoor/urban canyon penetration, but with very poor accuracy - a general show stopping issue for network based solutions where location accuracy could be critical • Are bandwidth hungry therefore not suitable for TETRA

12. GIS or Mapping Application LMU LMU TETRA Radio tower Gateway GIS or Mapping Application C&C Server Network Based Solutions Current Accuracy = 200m - 2km LMU Future Accuracy =100m - 500m LMU Network Based Solutions - example

13. Review of Current Technologies Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions Standard GPS • time to first acquisition (fix) is typically 3 mins • >30 metres accuracy, no indoors or urban canyon coverage Assisted GPS • time to first acquisition is typically 30 secs • >30 metres accuracy Low Signal Strength GPS (high sensitivity) • time to first acquisition is typically 45 secs • <30 metres accuracy • indoors/urban canyons Note, all the above have a location accuracy of <10 metres for 95% of cases in open space

14. Mapping Server Mapping Application C&C firewall C & C LAN TETRA Network TETRA gateway Radio tower PBX Workstation Workstation Workstation Workstation SDS C & C Servers Base station GPS solutions - examples Dispatch workstations

15. Review of Current Technologies High accuracy, high cost solutions Differential GPS • open space accuracy <10 metres off • expensive to implement with land based differential base stations required and regular network broadcasts • Network bandwidth hungry Solution Combinations (GPS+Beacons+Odometer) • accuracy anywhere between 0 - 10 metres • very expensive beacon network required to support this

16. High accuracy Solutions - examples TETRA Network GIS or Mapping Application TETRA Gateway GIS or Mapping GPS Application C&C Tower box Server dGPS Station

17. TETRA services used for APLS Data over network - Size of problem! Typically, position report messages could carry some or all of the following: • Date, Time, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Speed, Heading, Fix type, Confidence Level, Status, Fix Reason, Terminal ID, User Defined Field. Amount of message traffic generated by APLS systems is much larger than for AVLS • Usage could increase 10 or 100 fold ! • Requires sophisticated filtering at command &control

18. TETRA services used for APLS TETRA services allow use of SDS messaging for transmission of GPS data: • EN 300 392-2: TETRA (Voice plus Data (V+D), part 2: Air Interface, v2.3.2 • SDS4 and SDS-TL delivers variable length messages to 2047 bits(255 bytes) • GPS location data is provided in the NMEA formats, GLL, GSA, GGA etc. • Typical GLL mesage could contain as much as 48 bytes of data! • In busy periods, with many location reports being sent, this could cause network overload • Location Information Protocol –TS 100 392-18-1 v1.1.1 Jan 2005 • Specifies the effective use of network by using compact message formats • Typical message (compared to GLL) is 11 bytes long!

19. Future of APLS & TETRA Terminals Technology Influenced Solutions • Continuing integration of IC’s and components enables space saving in handsets and is an opportunity to integrate location devices like GPS. • The European Galileo system should be operational by 2008 and this is supposed to perform better than the existing US DoD GPS system.

20. GPS future Trends Galileo L1, L2 + L5 Frequency (+ Galileo?) Clear Sky Under Foliage Wooden Building Urban Canyon Single Storey Brick Building Multi Storey Concrete building Underground? High Quality Receiver Future GPS ? High Quality Hand Held Receiver High sensitivity GPS Other Sensors – e.g. Gyroscope, Accelerometers 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010………………………….. 2015 2020 2030

21. Product A 4 times betteraccuracy and availability User Trial Essential! Product B Conduct User Trials

22. Summary Enhances user safety • Lone worker + Emergency Button + GPS • Accurate Location Improves resource usage • Improves response times • Selection of most appropriate resource • Reduce wasted resource Improves reporting accuracy • Knowing precisely where an incident took place High sensitive GPS receivers are available in TETRA terminals today. Make GPS mandatory in your handsets today

23. Thank You!kenneth.hubner@sepura.com