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A Short History of the English Bible

How God gave us His Perfect Word. A Short History of the English Bible. KjV Extremism. Three Periods of English Translations. I. Old English Period (300-1150). Three Periods of English Translations. Old English Period (300-1150) Middle English Period (1150-1475).

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A Short History of the English Bible

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  1. How God gave us His Perfect Word A Short History of the English Bible

  2. KjV Extremism

  3. Three Periods of English Translations

  4. I. Old English Period (300-1150) Three Periods of English Translations

  5. Old English Period (300-1150) Middle English Period (1150-1475) Three Periods of English Translations

  6. Old English Period (300-1150) Middle English Period (1150-1475) Modern English (1475-Present) Three Periods of English Translations

  7. Dynamic equivalence vs. Formal Equivalence Excurses #1

  8. Dynamic equivalence—functional equivalency—thought equivalence emphasized Excurses #1

  9. Dynamic equivalence—functional equivalency—thought equivalence emphasized Definition—thought for thought; concept for concept; meaning for meaning; grammar is secondary. Excurses #1

  10. Dynamic equivalence—functional equivalency—thought equivalence emphasized Definition—thought for thought; concept for concept; meaning for meaning; grammar is secondary. Goals—1. To simplify the Bible 2. To interpret as you translate. 3. Simplify. 4. Update. 5. Make more readable. Excurses #1

  11. Dynamic equivalence—functional equivalency—thought equivalence emphasized Definition—thought for thought; concept for concept; meaning for meaning; grammar is secondary. Goals—1. To simplify the Bible 2. To interpret as you translate. 3. Simplify. 4. Update. 5. Make more readable. Methods—1. Drop metaphors and change to direct statements. 2. Add Explanatory comments. 3. Change concrete images into abstractions. Excurses #1

  12. Dynamic equivalence—functional equivalency—thought equivalence emphasized Definition—thought for thought; concept for concept; meaning for meaning; grammar is secondary. Goals—1. To simplify the Bible 2. To interpret as you translate. 3. Simplify. 4. Update. 5. Make more readable. Methods—1. Drop metaphors and change to direct statements. 2. Add Explanatory comments. 3. Change concrete images into abstractions. 4. Change gender reference, and number references. 5. Make sure of orthodoxy in translation. Focus—Reader, receptor language, man. Excurses #1

  13. Formal Equivalence Excurses #1

  14. Formal Equivalence—verbal equivalency. The very words of the original language—verbal inspiration. Excurses #1

  15. Formal Equivalence—verbal equivalency. The very words of the original language—verbal inspiration. Definition—Word for word, form for form—also word order, syntax, and arrangements. Excurses #1

  16. Formal Equivalence—verbal equivalency. The very words of the original language—verbal inspiration. Definition—Word for word, form for form—also word order, syntax, and arrangements. Methodology— 1. Very Words—belief in verbal inspiration. 2. Respect for syntax. 3. Theological orthodoxy—comes from Bible, not necessary to manipulate translation. 4. Must present depth and breadth while retaining full exegetical work of original language. 5. Works to retain beauty and dignity of parent language. 6. Translation by way of methodology seeks transparency to the original world of the bible. Excurses #1

  17. Formal Equivalence—verbal equivalency. The very words of the original language—verbal inspiration. • Definition—Word for word, form for form—also word order, syntax, and arrangements. • Methodology— 1. Very Words—belief in verbal inspiration. 2. Respect for syntax. 3. Theological orthodoxy—comes from Bible, not necessary to manipulate translation. 4. Must present depth and breadth while retaining full exegetical work of original language. 5. Works to retain beauty and dignity of parent language. 6. Translation by way of methodology seeks transparency to the original world of the bible. • Goal—To accurately render words, grammar, and syntax from Hebrew and Greek into a receptor language. Excurses #1

  18. Formal Equivalence—verbal equivalency. The very words of the original language—verbal inspiration. • Definition—Word for word, form for form—also word order, syntax, and arrangements. • Methodology— 1. Very Words—belief in verbal inspiration. 2. Respect for syntax. 3. Theological orthodoxy—comes from Bible, not necessary to manipulate translation. 4. Must present depth and breadth while retaining full exegetical work of original language. 5. Works to retain beauty and dignity of parent language. 6. Translation by way of methodology seeks transparency to the original world of the bible. • Goal—To accurately render words, grammar, and syntax from Hebrew and Greek into a receptor language. • Key—Transparency to original text. (it can be translated back accurately). Excurses #1

  19. Formal Equivalence—verbal equivalency. The very words of the original language—verbal inspiration. • Definition—Word for word, form for form—also word order, syntax, and arrangements. • Methodology— 1. Very Words—belief in verbal inspiration. 2. Respect for syntax. 3. Theological orthodoxy—comes from Bible, not necessary to manipulate translation. 4. Must present depth and breadth while retaining full exegetical work of original language. 5. Works to retain beauty and dignity of parent language. 6. Translation by way of methodology seeks transparency to the original world of the bible. • Goal—To accurately render words, grammar, and syntax from Hebrew and Greek into a receptor language. • Key—Transparency to original text. (it can be translated back accurately). • Focus—The source language. Ultimately on God as the author. “What does God say?” Excurses #1

  20. I. Old English Period (300-1150) Three Periods of English Translations

  21. Old English Period (300-1150) A. Translations a. Aldhelm and Colman (Psalms) 709 Three Periods of English Translations

  22. Old English Period (300-1150) A. Translations a. Aldhelm and Colman (Psalms) 709 b. Bede (John) 730 Three Periods of English Translations

  23. Old English Period (300-1150) A. Translations a. Aldhelm and Colman (Psalms) 709 b. Bede (John) 730 c. Egbert (portions of gospels) 760-- still extant copies. Three Periods of English Translations

  24. Old English Period (300-1150) A. Translations a. Aldhelm and Caedman (Psalms) 709 b. Bede (John) 730 Finished on his deathbed the day he died. Used the vulgate. c. Egbert (portions of gospels) 760-- still extant copies. d. King Alfred—portions of Psalms, 10 commandments, Gospels, and Acts— 1st major translation Three Periods of English Translations

  25. Old English Period (300-1150) A. Translations a. Aldhelm and Colman (Psalms) 709 b. Bede (John) 730 c. Egbert (portions of gospels) 760-- still extant copies. d. King Alfred—portions of Psalms, 10 commandments, Gospels, and Acts— 1st major translation e. Aldred and Aelfric--(Portions of OT including Job) 950 Three Periods of English Translations

  26. Middle English Period (1150-1475) Three Periods of English Translations

  27. Middle English Period (1150-1475) Wycliffe—1382 A. Used Latin vulgate. 1st whole Bible translated in English. B. Purvey—1388 revised Wycliffe to be more readable—still 170 extant today. C. It became illegal in 1409 for common persons to own a Bible without Bishop’s permission. * (Wycliffe’s Bible was about 70 years before the printing press and was never believed to have been wholly printed, although the New Testament was more than once). Three Periods of English Translations

  28. Modern English Period (1475-present) Three Periods of English Translations

  29. Modern English Period (1475-present) • Gutenburg’s printing press revolutionized the ability to copy scripture. *From 1409 it was illegal for common person to own a Bible or read it. Three Periods of English Translations

  30. Modern English Period (1475-present) 1525—Tyndale responsible for 1st translation from Greek (Erasmus) and Hebrew (Masoretic Text). Wycliffe’s Bible was also consulted. Three Periods of English Translations

  31. Modern English Period (1475-present) 1525—Tyndale responsible for 1st translation from Greek (Erasmus) and Hebrew (Masoretic Text). Wycliffe’s Bible was also consulted. 1530 Pentateuch added. 1534 Revision. *irritated the ignorant priests with his study of greek and said that he would “cause the boy who driveth the plow to know more of the Scriptures,” thus ending Papal assumption. Three Periods of English Translations

  32. Modern English Period (1475-present) 1525—Tyndale responsible for 1st translation from Greek (Erasmus) and Hebrew (Masoretic Text). Wycliffe’s Bible was also consulted. 1530 Pentateuch added. 1534 Revision. *irritated the ignorant priests with his study of greek and said that he would “cause the boy who driveth the plow to know more of the Scriptures,” thus ending Papal assumption. *Contemporary of Luther, used Luther’s translation, and even the order of Luther’s translation (New Testament, then earlier books, etc.) Three Periods of English Translations

  33. Modern English Period (1475-present) Coverdale—1535—continued Tyndales OT from Vulgate. Coverdale was a student of Tyndale Matthew Bible—1537 revision (William Matthew) real name John Rogers. *These copies of the Scripture were illegal to own. Three Periods of English Translations

  34. Modern English Period (1475-present) Coverdale—1535—continued Tyndales OT from Vulgate. Coverdale was a student of Tyndale Matthew Bible—1537 revision (William Matthew) real name John Rogers. *These copies of the Scripture were illegal to own. Great Bible—1539—Henry VIII commissioned in rebellion to pope, and used Tyndale and Polyglot. (it’s gothic Roman letters were hard to read and it was unaffordable. Three Periods of English Translations

  35. Modern English Period (1475-present) Coverdale—1535—continued Tyndales OT from Vulgate. Coverdale was a student of Tyndale Matthew Bible—1537 revision (William Matthew) real name John Rogers. *These copies of the Scripture were illegal to own. Great Bible—1539—Henry VIII commissioned in rebellion to pope, and used Tyndale and Polyglot. (it’s gothic Roman letters were hard to read and it was unaffordable. 1543 Parliament banned Wycliffe, Tyndale, & Coverdale Geneva Bible—1560—done out of country. Used Erasmus NT, Hebrew MT, Great bible, Latin Vulgate. 1st Bible to use original languages Three Periods of English Translations

  36. Modern English Period (1475-present) Coverdale—1535—continued Tyndales OT from Vulgate. Coverdale was a student of Tyndale Matthew Bible—1537 revision (William Matthew) real name John Rogers. *These copies of the Scripture were illegal to own. Great Bible—1539—Henry VIII commissioned in rebellion to pope, and used Tyndale and Polyglot. (it’s gothic Roman letters were hard to read and it was unaffordable. Geneva Bible—1560—done out of country. Used Erasmus NT, Hebrew MT, Great bible, Latin Vulgate. Bishops Bible—1560—(to compete with Geneva Bible which was printed out of country. Elizabeth dies in 1602. Three Periods of English Translations

  37. Modern English Period (1475-present) Coverdale—1535—continued Tyndales OT from Vulgate. Coverdale was a student of Tyndale Matthew Bible—1537 revision (William Matthew) real name John Rogers. *These copies of the Scripture were illegal to own. Great Bible—1539—Henry VIII commissioned in rebellion to pope, and used Tyndale and Polyglot. (it’s gothic Roman letters were hard to read and it was unaffordable. Geneva Bible—1560—done out of country. Used Erasmus NT, Hebrew MT, Great bible, Latin Vulgate. Bishops Bible—1560—(to compete with Geneva Bible which was printed out of country. Elizabeth dies in 1602. Douai Version—1582—NT Latin (Used by Catholics) Three Periods of English Translations

  38. KJV 1611—Named after James Stuart (From James I-VI • Formally a revision of the 1602 Bishop’s Bible. • Puritans suggested a revision to King James in 1604 • Qualifications • Best linguists • Reverence for God’s Word • Pious • Methodology—not interpretation but word for word translation • Thorough—began in 1607, finished in 1611 • Right texts—Masoretic OT, Erasmus, Stephanus, Beza, current English translations, Vulgate

  39. King James Procedures for translations 54 Translators began, 47 finished Each translator worked individually—assigned chapter or small portion. Submitted to colleagues reviewing necessary revisions. Final result reviewed by a committee of 12. Final revision committee of two (Dr. Miles smith and Dr. Thomas Bilson) Three Periods of English Translations

  40. Cambridge Edition (1629)—mostly printing and editing corrections. The Wicked Bible (1631)—Left out the word “not” in the 7th commandment. 18th century revisions. 1. Cambridge (1762) 1. Corrected and updated spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar after 150 years. 2. Thomas Paris corrected the italicized words and added marginal notes, cross-references, and a chronology. Editions of Kjv

  41. Cambridge Edition (1629)—mostly printing and editing corrections. The Wicked Bible (1631)—Left out the word “not” in the 7th commandment. 18th century revisions. A. Cambridge (1762) 1. Corrected and updated spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar after 150 years. 2. Thomas Paris corrected the italicized words and added marginal notes, cross-references, and a chronology. B. Oxford Edition (1769) 1. Benjamin Blayney collated the current editions, incorporated most of Paris’s work, and further edited punctuation and italicized words. 2. This is the KJV edition used most today. Editions of Kjv

  42. Cambridge Edition (1629)—mostly printing and editing corrections. The Wicked Bible (1631)—Left out the word “not” in the 7th commandment. 18th century revisions. A. Cambridge (1762) 1. Corrected and updated spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar after 150 years. 2. Thomas Paris corrected the italicized words and added marginal notes, cross-references, and a chronology. B. Oxford Edition (1769) 1. Benjamin Blayney collated the current editions, incorporated most of Paris’s work, and further edited punctuation and italicized words. 2. This is the KJV edition used most today. D. Noah Webster’s Edition (1833) Editions of Kjv

  43. Cambridge Edition (1629)—mostly printing and editing corrections. The Wicked Bible (1631)—Left out the word “not” in the 7th commandment. 18th century revisions. A. Cambridge (1762) 1. Corrected and updated spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar after 150 years. 2. Thomas Paris corrected the italicized words and added marginal notes, cross-references, and a chronology. B. Oxford Edition (1769) 1. Benjamin Blayney collated the current editions, incorporated most of Paris’s work, and further edited punctuation and italicized words. 2. This is the KJV edition used most today. Noah Webster’s Edition (1833) 1. Webster’s 1828 dictionary defines words Biblically. 2. Webster’s Bible was a sixty-year project to correct grammar and spelling and to update archaic words. 3. Sold for $2.00 (no royalties) but never became popular. Editions of Kjv

  44. Cambridge Edition (1629)—mostly printing and editing corrections. The Wicked Bible (1631)—Left out the word “not” in the 7th commandment. 18th century revisions. A. Cambridge (1762) 1. Corrected and updated spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar after 150 years. 2. Thomas Paris corrected the italicized words and added marginal notes, cross-references, and a chronology. B. Oxford Edition (1769) 1. Benjamin Blayney collated the current editions, incorporated most of Paris’s work, and further edited punctuation and italicized words. 2. This is the KJV edition used most today. Noah Webster’s Edition (1833) 1. Webster’s 1828 dictionary defines words Biblically. 2. Webster’s Bible was a sixty-year project to correct grammar and spelling and to update archaic words. 3. Sold for $2.00 (no royalties) but never became popular. Cambridge Paragraph Bible, edited by Scrivener (1873) Editions of Kjv

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