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Prejudice

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Prejudice. COM 372. Exercise. Where did you see prejudice (specifically, racism)? Where does “racism” lie? Who can be racist (sexist, etc.)? What are some possible causes of racism?. Individual/Cognitive Level. Expectations Perception and Cognitive processing

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Prejudice

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  1. Prejudice COM 372

  2. Exercise • Where did you see prejudice (specifically, racism)? • Where does “racism” lie? • Who can be racist (sexist, etc.)? • What are some possible causes of racism?

  3. Individual/Cognitive Level • Expectations • Perception and Cognitive processing • Memory storage & retrieval processes: Selective attention • Input: perceptual filters: Selection/ Selective perception • Storage: Long and short-term memory • Retrieval: Forgetting, memory interference: Selective recall • Interpretation

  4. High Interpersonal Interpersonal Intergroup Low Low Low High Intergroup Ways to see identity & comm Social Identity Theory Gudykunst & Lim, 1986

  5. Baldwin’s 3 dimensions • Interpersonal: individual perception of communicators, based on personal experiences • Intercultural: real differences in values, beliefs, behaviors, regardless of awareness • Intergroup: perceived differences between communicators based on group identity (e.g., in-group/out-group perception, stereotypes, prejudice)

  6. Cognitive Processes: Attribution • Axes: • Internal/External • Controlability • Permanence • Biases • Self-protective bias: • Other biases (primacy, recency, consistency, etc.) • Fundamental attribution error: • Ultimate attribution error: • “We lost the game because

  7. Cognitive Processes • Categorization? • Why is it good? • Why is it bad? • How does it work? • Stereotypes • Overgeneralizations • Social stereotype • Content and other dimensions • Kernel of truth • Media

  8. Stereotypes of Whites and Blacks (Houston, 1993; Leonard & Locke, 1993) • Whites (of Blacks): • Loud/Noisy • Showy • Aggressive • Active • Boastful • Blacks (of Whites) • Demanding • Manipulative • Rude • Critical • Superficial

  9. Prejudice • Behavior or attitude? • Intent or result of action? • Communicative prejudice: ethophaulisms (epithets) • Racial jokes • Individual or Institutional • Direct versus indirect institutional racism • Overt versus subtle/symbolic/everyday • Who can be racist, sexist, etc.?

  10. Prejudice approaches(Ting-Toomey & Chung, p. 247) • Exploitation theory (e.g., Marxist) • Scapegoating • Authoritarian personality • Structural approach

  11. A “layered” or “holographic” approach to prejudice • The main point: • Four (or three) main aspects) • Spheres: group identities on which one can be intolerant • Stances: positions towards various groups • Levels/layers of analysis: levels at which intolerance exists • Layers: Implies: ____________________

  12. Layered approach: 4 Levels • Biological/instinct • Individual level • Behavioral/psychodynamic • Cognitive • Group-level • Message-level(rhetoric, media, f2f) • + Policy/law level? • + History/ current impetus?

  13. Finding Solutions: Case Study • Hate Crimes against Asians: An interaction in Bro-Menn Hospital: “Why don’t you people just go home?” • Hate crimes website: http://infidelsarecool.com/2010/01/22/fbi-releases-2008-hate-crime-statistics/ • The Contact Hypothesis: • Defined • Clarifications

  14. Finding Solutions • Anti-Indian sentiment in B-N • Heterosexism/homophobia in high schools • Racial tensions in a Cincinnati community • Palestine/Jewish Israeli tensions

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