:yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf ;fdfGo hfgsf/L

1. :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf;fdfGo hfgsf/L uf]kLgfy d}gfnL ;lrj g]kfn ;/sf/ @)&#

2. k|:t''tL ;+/rgf • :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf] cy{ / cjwf/0ff • :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf cfofd / l;4fGt • lgwf{/s zt{x? • sfo{ If]q • g]kfndf :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf • k|:tfljt ljwo]ssf k|d'v Joj:yf • lh1f;f / 5nkmn

3. cjwf/0ff ljsf; • ablnbf] /fHo bz{g • gful/s r]tgf / rfxgfsf] lj:tf/ • ;]jf nfut • zL3| ;]jf • nf]stGqsf] nx/

4. cy{ / cjwf/0ff • 'Exercise of political power to manage state affairs' at grass root level • :yfgLo ljifonfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;fwg,zlQm / ;d'bfosf] kf/:kl/s cEof; ug'{ :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf xf] . • s]Gb|jf6 :yfgLo cfaZostf cg'e"t txdf ;Djf]wg gx'g] ePsf]n] :yfgLo ;d:of :yfgLo txjf6} ;+jf]wg :yfgLo txsf] ;+efjgf / Ifdtfsf] pkof]u ug{] ljlw . • direct and developmental side of democracy • Logical relation between development and democracy • subsidiary principle dfcfwfl/t .

5. cy{ / cjwf/0ff • Local Governance refers to the interaction between civil society and government in determining governmental action • Central eGbf cGo txsf] k|zf;g Joj:yf g} :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf . • :yfgLo lgsfosf k/Dk/fut :j?kx? M • Province, region, department, county, prefecture, district, city, township, town, borough, parish, municipality, shire, village, local service district

6. :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf tLg cfofd • pknlJw bIftf -performance efficiency_ M cg'zf;g,ljlgof]hg / ;~rfng bIftfsf cfwf/df oL lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg] s'zntf • cfly{s / ;fdflhs ;]jf k|jfx • k|fs[lts tyf dfgjLo ;fwgsf] bIftfk"j{s pkof]u / ;+/If0f • cfly{s ljsf; k|j4{g • ;xeflutf -participation) :yfgLo ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf gful/sx?sf] JolQmut tyf ;fd"lxs tj/n] ;xeflutf l;h{gf • ;fem]bf/L -partnership) j:t' tyf gful/s ;]jf pTkfbg Pa+ ljt/0f,;+/If0f tyf cGo gLlt sfo{x?df :yfgLo gful/s ;:yfx?,;fd'bflos ;:yfx?,lghL ;+u7g / gful/s txdf ;xsfo{ .

7. lgwf{/s zt{ -gLlt,sfg"g tyf ;:yfut 9Ffrf_ • /fhg}lts,cfly{s / Joj:yfksLo :jfoQtf • :jod\ Aoa:yfkg -self management_ • :jod\ lgoGq0f -self control_ • :jod\ lg0f{o ug{;Sg] clwsf/ -self decision making authority_ • lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;xeflutf -lgjf{rs lgjf{lrtsf] ;DaGw_ • :yfgLo txsf] Ifdtf • JolQmut Ifdtf M ;/f]sf/jfnf,;ls|o gful/s,sd{rf/L,lgjf{rs / lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwsf] Ifdtf • :yfgLo lgsfosf] IfdtfM ljlw, sfo{ljlw,:f+:yfut Joj:yf • k|0ffnLsf] IfdtfM :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo txaLr ;DjGw,lgoGq0f,;Gt'ng / ;xof]usf] cj:yf Pj+ ;xsfo{ / ljZjf;sf] :t/ .

8. :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf l;4fGtx? • :jR5 ;xeflutf (Fair participation & representation) • u|x0fzLntf (Responsiveness) • sfo{s'zntf / k|efjsfl/tf (Efficiency and effectiveness) • kf/blz{tf(Openness & Transparency) • ljlwsf] zf;g (Rule of law) • g}lts cfr/0f (Ethical conduct) • ;Ifdtf (Competence and capacity) • cu|;/tf / kl/jt{g (Innovation and change) • lbuf]kgf (Sustainability and strategic vision) • ;jn ljQ Joj:yfkg (Sound financial management) • dfgj clwsf/ / ;fdflhs ljljwtf (Human right, Social diversity/cohesion) • hjfkmb]lxtf (Accountability)

9. :yfgLo txsf] sfo{e"ldsf • gLlt tyf of]hgf • sfo{s|d • ah]6 • sfof{Gjog • ;'kl/j]If0f, d"NofÍg • k|sf]k Joj:yfkg

10. BENEFITS OF Local GOVERNANCE • Promote community confidence • Encourage local leadership • Leads better decision • Local legislation • Support Ethical decision

11. :yfgLo kfqx? • :yfgLo tx jf ;/sf/ • s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf ;+rgf • ;fd'bflos lgsfo • ;lqmo gful/s / gful/s ;d"x

12. :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf b'O{ cjwf/0ff • Delegated mode • General Competence mode

13. g]kfndf :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf k|zf;g;'wf/ cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)$* sf] l;kmfl/; • ljsf; sfo{df ;/sf/L / c;/sf/L lgsfo kl/rfng / ;dGjoug{ :yfgLolgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] • >f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u :yfgLo :t/df g} x'g'kg]{ • ljsf; lgdf{0fh:tf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/sf] sfo{ k4lt :yfgLocfjZostfcg'?k g} x'g'kg]{ • sfd/ pQ/bfloTjsf] Plss/0fx'g'kg]{ • hg;xeflutfs]f ;j} If]qjf6 kl/rfngx'g'kg]{

14. :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% • :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;Ifd jgfpg ;fwg,;|f]t,clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L lgIf]k0f • :yfgLo gful/sk|lt ;f]Rg] / hjfkmb]xL x'g] ;:yfut ;+oGq sfo{ut ;+/rgf • lgIf]lkt clwsf/ k|of]udf kf/blz{tf,hjfkmb]lxtf / k|hftflGqs k|ls|ofsf] cjnDjg • lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu lghL–gful/s If]qsf] kl/rfng • :yfgLo lgsfo / s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf lglZrtL • sdhf]/ ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj • :yfgLo lgsfo / gful/s ;dfhsf] ;DjGw lgwf{/0f • :jfoQtfsf] lgIf]k0f • ;/sf/ / :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;DjGw kl/efiff • cg'udg / ;dGjosf] oj:yf

15. ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;dGjo ;+o'Qm d~rsf] ;'emfj • sfo{d"ns / If]qut zlQm lgIf]k0f • ljQLo lgIf]k0f • dfgj ;fwg ljsf; • ;+:yfut ;+/rgf / ;+u7g k'g;+{/rgf • cg'udg / gLlt cg'kf]if0f

16. g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf xfnsf] Joj:yf • k|:tfjgf M PsfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf] cGTo, ;xeflutfd"ns ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] cjnDjg . • lgb]{zs l;4fGt M ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo :ofoQ zf;gsf] cfwf/df zf;g Joj:yf ;~rfng . • /fHo ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] jfF8 kmfF8 M tLg txsf] zf;sLo tx / /fHo zlQm cg';"rL %,^,&, *, ( df Jojl:yt • zf;g ;~rfngsf] cfwf/ M ljljwtfsf] ;+of]hg / ;fdflhs ;dfj]lztf, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj .

17. /fHosf] ;+/rgf • ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLotx u/L tLgtxsf] x'g] . • /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLotxn] ug]{ . • cg';'rL $ dfpNn]v ePsflhNnfx? /xg] u/L k|b]zx? /xg] . • :yfgLo tx cGtu{t ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef /xg] . • ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf /xg] j8fsf] ;+Vof ;+3Lo sfg"g jdf]lhd x'g] . • ;+3Lo sfg'g jdf]lhd ;fdflhs ;+f:s[lts ;+/If0f / cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg] . • ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] ;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps cfof]u u7g ug]{ .

18. ;+ljwfg ;+3 ljz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]q k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z :yfgLo txM ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef

19. /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF6 • ;+3sf] clwsf/, k|b]zsf] clwsf/, ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femfclwsf/, :yfgLotxsf] clwsf/ / ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLotxsf] ;femfclwsf/ cg';"rLdfpNn]v ePadf]lhdx'g] . • ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLotxcfkm"nfO{ tf]s]sf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ :jtGqx'g] . • ;femfclwsf/sf] ljifodfk|b]z ;efn] agfPsf] sfg'g ;+3Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg'g;FuaflemPdfaflemPsf] xb;Ddk|b]z ;efn] agfPsf] sfg'gcdfGox'g] . • ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLotxsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLjf ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf ;"rLdfpNn]v gePsf] s'g} ljifodftyf of] ;+ljwfgdfgtf]lsPsf] ljifodf cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;+3df lglxt /xg] . • ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLotxn] cf—cfkm\gf] txsf] ah]6 agfpg] / ah]6 k]z ug]{ ;do ;+3Lo sfg'gadf]lhdx'g] . • ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLotxn] cfkm\gf] cfly{s clwsf/If]q leqsf] ljifodfs/ nufpg / tL ;|f]tx?af6 /fh:j p7fpg ;Sg] .

20. :yfgLotxsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL -hDdf @@ j6f_ :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf pNn]lvt d'Vo clwsf/x? • gu/ k|x/L, ;xsf/L tyf PkmPd ;~rfng . • dfnkf]t nufot :yfgLo s/x? • :yfgLo ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo tYof+s tyf clen]v ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo :t/sf ljsf; cfof]hgf, cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{, :yfgLo ahf/ Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, :yfgLo ;8s, ufpF, gu/ tyf lhNnf ;ef, :yfgLo cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfo Pj+ dWo:ytf, • 3/ tyf hUufwgL k"hf{ ljt/0f, • s[lif, kz' ljsf; Pj+ s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 tyf Joj:yfkg Pj+ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg . • h]i7 gful/s, ckf+utf ePsf tyf czQmx?sf] Joj:yfkg . • a]/f]huf/Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng, s[lif k|;f/sf] Joj:yfkg, vfg]kfgL tyf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgf Pj+ a}slNks phf{, hnfwf/, jGohGt' tyf vfgL Pj+ vlgh kbfy{sf] ;+/If0f . • efiff, ;+:s[lt / nlntsnfsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; .

21. ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLotxsf] clwsf/sf] ;femf ;"rL -hDdf !% j6f_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLotxsf] clwsf/sf] ;femf ;"rLdfpNn]lvtd'Voclwsf/x? • lzIff, v]ns"b, kqklqsf, :jf:Yo, s[lif, ;xsf/L, ljB't, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{ ;]jf . • ;]jfz'Ns, b:t'/, b08h/Ljgf, tyfk|fs[lts ;|f]tjf6 k|fKtx'g] /f]oN6L cfDbfgL . • jgh+un, jGohGt', jftfj/0f, h}ljsljljwtf, vfgLtyfvlgh . • ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ul/jLlgjf/0f, JolQmut 36gf ;DjGwLtYof+s, k'/ftTj, k|frLg :df/s tyf ;+u|xfno, ;'s'Djf;LJoj:yfkgtyf ;jf/L ;fwgcg'dlt .

22. k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# • k|:tfjgf M • ===ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dfWodåf/f :yfgLo zf;gdf hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf / pQ/bfloTj ;'lglZrttf • ljsf; / zf;g k|lqmofdf ;d'bfo / gful/ssf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ub}{ :yfgLo txdf g} k|ltj4 Pjd\ ;Ifd g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] jftfj/0f / hgtfn] k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ / lbuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{sf nflu :yfgfLo zf;g ;~rfng • lbuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g / ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] dfWod .

23. k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# • cfjlws ?kdf :jR5, :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt u/L lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwaf6 :yfgLo tx ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf • :yfgLo txnfO{ :ki6 clwsf/ jf8kmf8 u/L k|efjsf/L / sfo{d"ns t'Nofpg, txut ;/sf/aLr sfo{, clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/Lsf] k'gljt/0f • clwsf/ If]qsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u ug{ tyf hjfkmb]lxtf lgjf{x ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng • ;Ifd / ;jn :yfgLo txsf nflu pko'Qm ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf sfo{ut ;+/rgf lgdf{0f • :yfgLo zf;gdf gful/snfO{ /fHo zlQmsf] ;|f]t dfGb} gful/ssf] ;d[l4 tkm{ cu|;/ /xg] / :yfgLo zf;g tyf ljsf; k|of;df gful/s ;d'bfo tyf lghL lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf k|j4{g • ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs 9fFrfsf] ;xsfo{ ;dGjo / ;xcl:tTjdf cfwfl/t cGt/ ;/sf/ ;DaGw / sfo{k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; . • :yfgLo zf;gdf ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfd"ns, nf]stflGws, hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{ sfo{k|0ffnL / lg0f{o tyf of]hgf k|0ffnL cjnDjgdfkm{t u'0:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfx .

24. k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# • kfqx? • ufpkflnsf -aluL{s0f x'g;Sg]_ • gu/kflnsf -pkdxfgu/kflnsf / gu/kflnsf ;d]t_ -klxrfg tf]lsg;Sg]_ • lhNnf ;ef, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt • :jfoQ If]q tyf ;+/If0f If]q .

25. k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# sfdx? • Jofj:ykgsfo{ • ;/;kmfOJoj:yfkg / ;]jfljt/0f • cfly{s ljsf; • ;fdflhsljsf; ef}ltsk"jjf{wf/ • jg, tfjf/j/0f / phf{ • ef}ltsk"jf{wf/ ljsf; • of]hgfth'{df, sfof{Gjogtyfcg'udg • ;"rgftyfclen]v • Gofo ;Dkfbg • ykclwsf/ lgIf]k0fx'g;Sg • pNn]lvtsfo{sfnflu ;|f]t kl/rfng

26. r'gf}tL • Autonomy of LGI • Participation, inclusiveness and representativeness • Viability of financial resources • Human resource development • Accountability and transparency • Absence of local representatives for long time

27. lh1f;f / 5nkmn

28. Thank You