Příprava a řízení projektů

1. 19.10. 2012, Brno Připravil: Mgr. Adam Růžek Příprava a řízení projektů „Posílení konkurenceschopnosti absolventů MENDELU v oblasti rozvojové spolupráce a managementu přírodních zdrojů v zemích třetího světa“

2. Our schedule • Project writing • important grammar structures • common mistakes, collocations • key vocabulary • CV in English – structure, phrases • Letter of Motivation

3. Future with “will” • The project willfocus on youth in the Canterbury-Bankstown region… • SUBJ + will + main verb • more examples • The research will focus on understanding the physical principles… • Google is confident that the investigation will conclude it has done nothing wrong. • The reports will also serve as a management tool for continuous improvement. • negation: will + not [won’t]

5. Passivevoice • object of the active sentence becomes subject in the passive • They designed the project (O) to help end poverty. • The project (S) was designed to help end poverty. • Someone stole my car (O). • My car was stolen. • FORMATION • object => subject • S + be + -ed participle (3rd form)

6. Passive voice II. • The project willbemanagedby experts. • SUBJ + will + be + past participle • more examples • This page will be taken down soon. • Stroke patients will be sent to more specialized hospitals. • April 2012 deadline will be met.

7. Participles (-ed, -ing) • make the text more concise • -ingparticiple • Students [who attend]the course… • => students attending the course… • Many believe there are insufficient services for people [who live] in the area. • =>…people living in the area • -ed participle • …the innocent citizens who were affected by this catastrophe… • …innocent citizens affected by this catastrophe

8. Who is it for? • key vocabulary: target, aim • TARGET (usually passive) • The Project is targeted at teenagers from EU countries, aged 14-18, who can speak English well enough to communicate. • It is a new magazine that targets single men. • also adjectival sense: TARGET + noun (usually target group) • AIM (passive) • The Project is aimed at people of any age from the UK who want to work with slum dwellers.

9. Describing a project • what are the objectives/aims • The objective of this project is to develop and apply innovative high-performance computing techniques and simulation methods…. • The aim of this project is to discover how e-commerce is conducted… • The purpose of the project is to try and develop an intervention program targeting HIV risk and alcohol use. • The goalof the project is to allow students, faculty and staff at the university to view books that the university owns. • The object of this project is to develop method to generate images from complex real-world data…

10. The aims – useful words • research • The goal of the project is to researchand document the Kam people's effective use of land and natural resources • investigate – study, try to understand, examine scientifically • The objective of the project is to investigate some important factors affecting labour market participation and employment and evaluate related policy measures. • develop – create something new, make sth. better • The aim of the project is to develop actions for preventing gender-based violence in secondary schools. • establish – start sth. new / discover, get proof of something • The objective of the project is to establish lasting international networks in cultural management and to reinforce the transfer of knowledge between China and Germany. • Child development research has established that the rate of human learning and development is most rapid during the preschool years.

11. The aims – useful words cont. • aid/help • The purpose of this project is to aid state legislators in improving state juvenile justice systems. [sb./sth. in sth.] • The aim of this project is to help facilitate the transition from our current system to a new one [help sb. do sth. / to do sth.] • stimulate/promote/encourage • The purpose of the project is to stimulate interest in nature conservation and sustainable development through outdoor activities in the local environment. • improve - to make sth. better

12. The aims – useful words cont. • eradicate – to get rid of sth. completely (sth. negative) • eradicate poverty, hunger, bullying, pests, tuberculosis • exterminate • exterminate rats, mice and other vermin • prevent [prevent sb. from doingsth.] • The goal of this project is to prevent youth from usingtobacco. • The goal of this project is to prevent illegal migration from Russia and in Russia…

13. Expressing cause and effect • because • Because the snow had set in, we decided to abandon the excursion to the mountain top. • I was late, because there was heavy traffic. • as • similar to because, more formal • As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel. • due to the fact that • used in formal English • We will be staying for an extra week, due to the fact that we have not yet finished.

14. Expressing cause and effect cont. • because of • followed by a noun/NP • I was late because of heavy traffic. • due to [+noun] • The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding. • owing to [+noun] • However, these demands cannot be met by some parents owing to poverty. • result (as a result of) • She died as a result of her injuries. • The failure of the company was a direct result of bad management. • The miners' diet was poor with the result that many suffered from disease.

15. Expressing cause and effect • give rise to/provoke/generate • The President’s statement gave rise to / generated / provoked a lot of criticism. • Poverty gave rise to stealing; although theft more often involved needed goods rather than money. • bring about/lead to • often used to describe social or political change • The new law brought about / led to great changes in education. • Social unrest led toa revolt in 1930 and a right-wing authoritarian government under President Getulio Vargas. • stem from [explaining the direct origins of events and states] • This problem stems from inflation of recent years. • Periodic faminestems from the neglect and lack of commitment on the part of successive governments of Bangladesh.

16. Common mistakes: CxU nouns • confusing uncountable nouns • information • advice • software • accommodation • experience (e.g. work experience) • no plural form • many *informations, many *advices • many pieces/items of information/advice • someinformation/advice • a lot of information/advice

17. Common mistakes: collocations I. (make/do) • collocation:combination of two or more words that are frequently used together • example: make your homework / do your homework • research • do: It is impossible to do any research without Internet these days. [carry out] • work (n.) • do: He does his work very efficiently. • mistake • make: Some people often make the same mistakes. • survey • do: I did a survey of the level of job satisfaction in our department. [carry out, conduct]

18. Common mistakes: collocations (make/do) cont. • change • make: They suggested making some changes in the schedule. • business • do: I spent two days in the office doing business by the phone. [conduct] • effort • make: It is worth making an effort to live a healthy life.

19. Collocations – noun+adjective I. • number/amount/quantity • large • This saves a large amount of energy so a Sainsbury's supermarket today uses only 60% a similar store would have used ten years ago. • choice • limited, narrow • I have a strictly limited choice of action. • range/variety/choice • wide • pressure • to be under a lot of pressure, not *high pressure • importance • great (not *big): It is a fact of great importance.

20. Collocations – noun + adjectives cont. • tree/building/person • tall (not *high) • progress • great (a lot of), not *big – I have made great progress in learning English. • decrease • slight– There was a slight decrease in profits.

21. Collocations – verb + verb • suggest • I suggest (that) we send our colleagues on a similar course.[-ing] • not suggest to • recommend • I recommend employing a part time assistant. • not recommend to • consider • I would like you to consider refunding at least some of my money. • be used to • You should be used to working in teams and be computer literate.

22. Irregularplural • certain nouns in English form their plural form irregularly • criterion – criteria • The Health Service should not be judged by financial criteria alone. • also e.g. phenomenon (phenomena) • analysis – analyses • To decide what structure of jobs is needed, Drucker has suggested the need for three analyses to be made. • also crisis (crises), axis (axes) • sometimes, both the regular and irregular form exist • index – indices – indexes • formula – formulae – formulas

23. Describing problems I. • a problem can be… (adjectives) • minorxmajor: seriousness • The design is a minor problem. • growing: increasing (becoming more serious) • Obesity is a growing problem. • urgent: requires immediate action • Lack of funds is an urgent issue. • perennial: always existing, not likely to change • Noise is a perennial problem. • insoluble/insolvable: impossible to solve • The problem seems insoluble.

24. Describing problems II. • verbs • arise: begin to exist (occur, come up) • Various problems have arisen. • confront sb. / sth. • the economic problems confronting the country • (…) carbon dioxide emissions could increase by up to 20 per cent in the year 2005 if the Government does not confront the problem. • address sth. (dealwithsth.) • We have to address the lack of experience of the team. • overcome sth.: succeed in dealing with a problem (solve) • The company had to overcome a number of financial difficulties. • exacerbate sth.: make something worse • The current cuts in public expenditure will inevitably exacerbate this situation.

25. Specific vocabulary • disasters/tragedies • earthquake – a sudden violent movement of Earth’s surface • hurricane/tornado/typhoons – violent, destructive winds • flood –too much rain: The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. • tsunami - an extremely large wave caused by movement of the Earth under the sea • drought – no rain: This year, severe drought has ruined the crops. • famine – a lack of food during a long period of time: Four million people are now facing famine. • epidemic – disease affecting a large number of people: a flu epidemic, an epidemic of measles • often modified by severe: extremely bad or serious • severe flood, severe drought, severe famine

26. Specific vocabulary cont. • poverty – having little or no money • adj.: abject/extreme/grinding/dire poverty • Many people in India still live inabject poverty. • v.: eradicate [get rid of it completely]; alleviate/relieve(make less severe) • To alleviate poverty, developing economies need to grow faster, and the poor need to benefit from this growth. • poverty-stricken region/country/area/family • I was born into a poverty-stricken family. • appallingliving conditions – shocking, extremely bad • Displacement, appalling living conditions and disease - all as a consequence of war - often result in more deaths than the fighting itself. • slums, shanty towns – areas where poor people live

27. Shanty town Area in or near a town where poor people live in shanties. Shanty – a small house, built of pieces of wood, metal and cardboard, where very poor people live

28. Disease • malaria • Malaria is carried / transmitted by mosquitoes, malarial areas • typhoid (fever) • seriousinfectious disease, causes fever, red spots on the chest and severe pain in the bowels [symptoms] • cholera • is carried / transmitted through food and water • parasites • The water was contaminated with parasites and their eggs. • rabies Dogs, cats, foxes and bats can all carry rabies. He was bitten by a rabid dog.

29. Disease – prevention and treatment • vaccination, vaccine, to vaccinate against • There is no vaccine against HIV infection. • I was vaccinated against tetanus. • syringe • cure [n., v.] • a cure for… • The cure took six weeks. • At one time, doctors couldn’t cure people of tuberculosis. [cure sb. of something] • treat[v.] • to use drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of a disease or heal an injury

30. Verbs • suffer:The area is suffering its worst drought for many years. • starve: Millions are starving as a result of the famine. • spread: A flu epidemic spread rapidly through the country. • injure / damage • 200 people were injured and dozens of buildings were damaged in the hurricane. • affect • an area affected by flood(!!not effects)

31. CV in English • Curriculum vitae • a written record of one’s education, experience, etc. • STRUCTURE • personal information • education • work experience • skills • additional details

32. Personal information • personal details/information • name • date of birth • address: (17 Oakhill Street) • telephone • e-mail address

33. Education • we usually leave out primary school • in chronological order (most recent first) • other types of school: • (secondary) technical school, vocational school, (secondary) business school • we should use the official English name of the school • !!!HIGH SCHOOL • also mention other courses you have completed (languageschooletc.) 2008-2012 Mendel University in Brno Bachelor’s Degree in International Studies 2004-2008 Grammar school Breclav School leaving exam in…

34. Work • work experience/professional experience/employment history/career history • listed in chronological order • full-time, part-time, temporary (work) Work Experience 2007-2009 Teacher of English [occupation] ABC Language School [employer] 2007- present

35. Skills • Personal skills (optional) • relevant personal traits • results oriented • reliable • organized • willing to learn / fast learner • cooperative / team player • hardworking • positive • decisive

36. Skills cont. • Computer skills • many different types • basic / moderate / good / advanced, extensive knowledge of… (C++) • experienced in (MS Office) • good background in… • wordprocessing software: MS Word, Writer (Open Office) • spreadsheet software: MS Excel, Calc • presentation software: MS PowerPoint, Impress

37. Skills cont. • Language skills • an important part of your CV • basic – moderate – good – advanced – fluent • CEFR: Common European Framework of Reference for Languages • A1 elementary • A2 pre-intermediate • B1 intermediate • B2 upper-intermediate • C1 advanced • C2 proficient • language certificates • FCE: First Certificate in English • CAE: Certificate of Advanced English • CPE: Certificate of Proficiency in English

38. Skills cont. • other skills • all other relevant information • driving licence

40. Additional information • hobbies • optional, could be helpful if relevant • awards, achievements • references • a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability

41. Letter of motivation • also cover letter, motivation letter • its aim is to convince • it complements the CV, should be written with a specific purpose in mind (development aid project)

42. What should be there… • explain why you are interested in the project/job • mention how you learnt about it • convince the person reading it to look at your CV as well • call attention to relevant experience and give concrete examples as well

43. Describing your experience • pay attention to tenses (present/past) • I am working / I work as a teacher. • can also use currently, e. g. I currently work… • I worked as a teacher for ten years. [but not any more] • other useful phrases • I was responsible for EU issues like the Lisbon Treaty... [+noun, -ing form] • I assisted in developing customer data management process training documentation for corporate training.[+noun, -ing form] • also assist sb. withsth. You will be expected to assist the editor with the choice of illustration for the book.

44. Useful phrases cont. • My responsibilities included the design and development of the site's editorial voice and style, and the daily content programming. [stating further details] • I take care of managingthe different factories, assist in implementing the initial design, in finalizing the samples, in negotiating the price… [take-took-taken] • During my internship, I gained valuable experience (…) in management. • synonyms: valuable, useful, considerable, wide

45. Other phrases to remember • I am working towards my bachelor’s/master’s degree in… • My coursework has supplied me with many skills… • In addition to sth… • In addition to my experience in the United States, I have worked in more than fifty other nations in several different roles. • syn. besides:Besides my experience in the field of research and teaching, I am also involved in some extracurricularactivities. • I believe / think I would be a good / an ideal candidate for the internship, because… [explain why].

46. …because • …I have good communication skills • …I am confident in talking to large groups of people, and I am good at listening to young people's views and opinions. • … because I am outgoing, friendly, flexible • …because of my education and enthusiasm to succeed.