Focus Four Hazard Training For Masonry Construction Module 3 – Fall Protection

1. Focus Four Hazard Training For Masonry Construction Module 3 – Fall Protection Susan Harwood Grant Training Program

2. Disclaimer/Usage Notes This material was produced under grant number SH-17793-SH8 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.  Images shown may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA requirements. These photos are clearly marked as non-compliant. It is not the intent of RMMI to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address Focus Four hazard awareness in the masonry construction industry, and to recognize overlapping hazards present in many construction workplaces. It is the responsibility of the employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work. Copies of all OSHA regulations are available from www.osha.gov. This presentation is intended to discuss Federal regulations only. If this training is held in a state that is operating under an OSHA-approved State Plan, State OSHA requirements for that state must be included in the training. It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their training programs will be "qualified" to do so. Developed under an OSHA Susan Harwood Grant, #SH-17793-SH8, by the Rocky Mountain Masonry Institute, Denver, Colorado

3. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 1 Training Objectives After completing this unit, you will: -Be aware of the requirement for fall protection for masonry work. -Be able to recognize fall hazards associated with masonry work. -Be familiar with fall protection devices. -Be knowledgeable of safe work practices.

4. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 2 References 29 CFR 1926 Subparts L & M

5. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 3 Scaffold Erection The employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. A Competent Person is "one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them."

6. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 4 Scaffold Erection The employer shall have each employee who is involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing or maintaining a scaffold trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with the work in question.

7. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 5 Scaffold Erection Inspect all scaffold components prior to erecting scaffold. Look for bend frames and cross braces, broken pins, damaged planks, etc. Photos depict hazardous condition

8. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 6 Scaffold Erection Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates AND mud sills or other adequate foundations.

9. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 7 Scaffold Erection Photos depict hazardous condition

10. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 8 Scaffold Erection Photos depict hazardous condition

11. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 9 Scaffold Erection Ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to a point that permits safe installation and use.

12. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 10 Scaffold Erection Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than the erection crew. Photo depicts hazardous condition

13. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 11 Scaffold Erection The employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. The employer must be able to explain and support a decision that it creates a greater hazard. Even if the competent person determines that being tied off during erection is not feasible, a harness/lanyard must still be worn by the workers. Photo depicts hazardous condition

14. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 12 Scaffold Erection

15. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 13 Scaffold Erection Where uplift can occur, scaffold frames shall be pinned together.

16. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 14 Scaffold Erection • No paint on wood platforms • Use scaffold grade wood • Component pieces used must match and be of the same type • Erect on stable and level ground • Lock wheels and braces before using mobile scaffold Photo depicts hazardous condition

17. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 15 Scaffold Erection Each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. Photo depicts hazardous condition

18. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 16 Scaffold Erection Photos depict hazardous condition

19. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 17 Scaffold Erection Platforms shall be installed so that the space between adjacent units and the space between the platform and the uprights is no more than 1 inch wide, except where the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. Photo depicts hazardous condition

20. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 18 Scaffold Erection Each end of a planked deck, unless cleated or otherwise secured by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of it’s support at least 6 inches but not more than 12 inches.

21. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 20 19 Scaffold Erection Photos depict hazardous condition

22. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 20 Scaffold Erection Plank overlapping will only occur over supports. The overlap will not be less than 12 inches unless the platforms are nailed/screwed together or otherwise restrained to prevent movement. Photo depicts hazardous condition

23. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 21 Scaffold Erection The height of the scaffold should not be more than four times its minimum base dimension unless guys, ties, or braces are used. 20’ 5’

24. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 22 Scaffold Erection Photo depicts hazardous condition

25. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 23 Scaffold Access When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers, ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. Photo depicts hazardous condition

26. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 24 Scaffold Access Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have a minimum rung length of 11 1/2 inches and have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches.

27. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 25 Scaffold Access • Choose the correct type of portable ladder: • Type IAA Special Duty can handle up to 375 lbs. • Type IA Heavy Duty can handle up to 300 lbs. • Type I ladders are rated up to 250 lbs. • Type II ladders are rated up to 225lbs. • Type III ladders(light duty) up to 200lbs

28. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 26 Scaffold Access • Rungs must be intact and free from grease or oil • Make sure there are no visible defects on the ladder (missing, cracked or loose rungs, missing safety feet, or signs of rot) • Metal ladders should not be dented or bent • All braces are secure

29. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 27 Scaffold Access Photos depict hazardous condition

30. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 28 Scaffold Access • Use the 4 to 1 rule: Set the ladder 1 foot out for every 4 feet up to the point of support. (Rungs are normally 1 ft apart, so its easy to figure the angle).

31. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 29 Scaffold Access • All ladders must extended 36 inches above the landing • Make sure the base of the ladder is tied or held and the top is anchored Photo depicts hazardous condition

32. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 30 Scaffold Access Photos depict hazardous condition

33. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 31 Scaffold Access If used, stair towers must have stairrails/handrails as well as guardrails on the open sides of all landings.

34. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 32 Scaffold Access Integral prefabricated scaffold access frames shall: Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs and have a rung length of at least 8 inches.

35. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 33 Scaffold Access These rungs are at least 11 ½ inches wide and no more than 16 ¾ apart and can be used as a work platform for scaffold erection and for scaffold access by users.

36. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 34 Scaffold Access These rungs are not at least 11 ½ inches wide so they CANNOT be used for access by scaffold users. They can be used for access during scaffold erection/dismantling as long as they are not more than 22 inches apart vertically.

37. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 35 Scaffold Access Direct access to or from another surface shall be used only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. 24” 14”

38. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 36 Scaffold Access Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access or egress, even by erectors building or dismantling the scaffold. Photo depicts hazardous condition

39. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 37 Scaffold Access Photos depict hazardous condition

40. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 38 Scaffold Use The front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work, unless guard-rail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used. Photo depicts hazardous condition

41. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 39 Scaffold Use Each scaffold walkway shall be at least 18 inches wide. Photo depicts hazardous condition

42. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 40 Scaffold Use The top rail shall be installed between 38 & 45 inches above the deck shall be provided on the open sides and ends of each working level when it is 10 feet or more above a lower surface.

43. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 41 Scaffold Use Each top rail shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along it’s top edge of at least 200 pounds. Photo depicts hazardous condition

44. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 42 Scaffold Use Mid rails, screens, etc. of a guardrail system shall be installed midway between the top rail and the deck and be capable of withstanding, without failure, at least 150 pounds. Photo depicts hazardous condition

45. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 43 Scaffold Use Photos depict hazardous condition

46. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 44 Scaffold Use Guardrails shall also be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Photo depicts hazardous condition

47. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 45 Scaffold Use Photo depicts hazardous condition

48. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 46 Scaffold Use Cross bracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of the two braces is between 20 and 30 inches above the work platform . . . Photo depicts hazardous condition

49. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 47 Scaffold Use . . . or as a top rail when the crossing point of the two braces is between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform. Photo depicts hazardous condition

50. SUBPARTS Masonry Fall Protection L & M 48 Scaffold Use Fall protection must also be provided at the exposed ends of the walk planks as well as openings in front of the workers.