Breakup of Yugoslavia

1. Breakup of Yugoslavia

2. Austria vs. Serbia Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to Austro-Hungarian Throne GavriloPrincip Anti-Austrian Nationalist of Serbia

3. Europe Pre-World War 1 p. 427 p. 427 What happened to Serbia’s plans for an all-Slavic nation?

4. p. 427 Yugoslavia is formed in Balkans after WW1

5. Post-WW2 Yugoslavia • Social Federal Republic • Yugoslavia goes Communist, but is not connected to USSR • Becomes a federation where each republic is given some form of self-rule • Josip Broz Tito • President from 1945-1980 • United the people of Yugoslavia through totalitarian rule • Despite being a dictator, he was popular among his people • Seen as “benevolent dictator”

6. Yugoslavia VOJVODINA KOSOVO SLOVENIA CROATIA BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA MACEDONIA MONTENEGRO SERBIA

7. What do you notice about the location of the different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia?

9. Ante Pavelic • World War II • Nazi Germany invades Yugoslavia & conquers it • Ante Pavelic • Croatian who led a Nazi group in Yugoslavia • Pavelic begins to exterminate Serbs – “Butcher of the Balkans” • Tensions • After WW2, the tensions between the groups were only calmed by Tito’s leadership

10. Tensions Rise • Slobodan Milošević • Tito dies in 1980 • Serbian Miloševićbecomes new Yugoslavian President • Ethnic Tension • Ethnic groups begin to fight • Political Changes • End of Cold War • As parts of the former USSR declared independence, parts of Yugoslavia do the same

11. 1989 Yugoslavia is one united nation under Communism.

12. June 1991 Slovenia & Croatia declare themselves independent nations; Croatian Serbs fight back

13. September 1991 Macedonia declares their independence.

14. March 1992 Bosnia & Herzegovina declare their independence.

15. April 1992 Serbia & Montenegro remain united as a new Yugoslavia.

16. Civil War in Yugoslavia • Yugoslav Wars • Most Serbs supported unity; Yugoslavia fights to retain areas • Slovenia & Croatia win independence through bloody wars • War in Bosnia • Bosnia & Herzegovina declare independence, but arguments break out among the ethnic groups of Bosnia • Bosnian Muslims & Croats support independence • Bosnian Serbs want to remain part of Yugoslavia • Bosnian Serbs form paramilitary units • Paramilitary units are supported by Milošević • Begin a policy of Ethnic Cleansing against Muslim & Croat people in Bosnia

17. Sarajevo: under siege

20. Serb Paramilitary Units

21. Ethnic Cleansing • Ethnic Cleansing • “Purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas” (U.N.) • Mostly blamed on Serbs, but used by all sides in Bosnian conflict • Methods • Murder, torture, unfair arrests, executions, sexual assaults, ghettos, forcible deportation, etc.

22. Results of Ethnic Cleansing • Death Toll • 100,000+ estimated killed • Refugees • A person who leaves his/her home/nation to find safety • Near 3 million displaced • Hague Trial • 2002 – U.N. putsMiloševićon trial for genocide & other crimes against humanity • 2006 – Milošević dies of a heart attack while in custody • Mixed international reaction

23. Breakup Continues • Kosovo • 1999 – Kosovo War • 2008 – declare independence; Not recognized; U.N. governed • Vojvodina • 2002 – given more autonomy • 2008 – allowed self-rule, but still under Serbian control • Montenegro • 2006 – declare independence; Serbia does not object • Serbia • 2006 – Yugoslavia dissolved

24. 2008