1. 2010 GTP PROGRAMME

2. Ultra-Violet (UV) Semiconductors and Extreme Ultra-Violet (XUV) Ultrafast Lasers St. Catherine’s School Angela, Natalie, Sarah, Hillary, (Gwynneth and Katie) 24/09/2014

3. LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

4. How to make a laser: Photons GAIN MATERIAL Electrons 99% reflective mirror 100% reflective mirror Power source

5. What we believed science was: Natalie Relf- “Systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.” Angie Selleck- “Biology, Physics and Chemistry that does apply to everyday life.” Katie Zhang- “Biology, Physics and Chemistry that doesn’t apply to everyday life.” Gwynneth Cheale- “Science is informative” AT THE SYNCHROTRON (what we thought): Nat- “It’s like a really big microscope… Hillary- You can see really small things with it… Sarah- Such as experimentation using electrons and photons.”

6. One of the labs at Swinburne Uni…

7. How is this project related to a real world problem? Create new drugs to keep up with the evolving diseases or diseases without cures No laser sources in both the ranges (4nm-30nm) No cheap laser sources in that range (300nm-400nm)

8. What do we mean by integrated science? To incorporate Biology, Physics and Chemistry into a large scale project/study “Moving into interdisciplinary sections (no longer just Bio, Chem and Physics)”– Chris Hall Eg: physical chemistry

9. Studying hard…

10. PRAC. 1 Aim: to identify the behaviour of different ZnO Quantum Well structures and how they can be useful Goal: We want to analyse the emission wavelength and intensity of a ZnO Quantum Well on the spectral scale by varying the temperature (in Kelvin) We also want to observe how different amounts of ZnO in the Quantum Wells affects the wavelength

12. Spectrometer Holographic Grating Hole Photomultiplier Tube (This measures the intensity of the light travelling through the hole at one time) Sample Photoluminescence How does it work? The colours slowly scan across the hole, allowing the photomultiplier tube to measure the intensity of the light of the colours that scan across. This is done by finely tuning the holographic grating so you can measure the colour spectrum.

13. Results Figure 1 (2nm) Figure 2 (4nm)

14. Further Areas or Questions to Investigate From the results we gained, we can see that there is a need in research for the following: What would happen if we had a wider/larger Quantum Well in relation to our graph (3rd), to prove or disprove our trend (irregularity and second peak distance)

15. PRAC. 2 Aim: To characterize the light source, and look at the effects when changing the gas pressure Goal: To alter the pressure of Argon gas in a vacuum to observe how the LASER reacts

20. BOGGLES

21. BOGGLES (aka BOGS)

22. Excursion to Synchrotron

24. Underground/ inside the synchrotron

26. Bio centre

27. Part of the Synchrotron

30. Inside the Synchrotron (Undulator, similar to the wiggler)

32. What was interesting about the science that is happening in this lab? • It differs to what we learn at school • Bigger equipment (ie safety goggles) • Larger scale experiments • More expensive materials • New technology, practicals and samples (that haven’t been looked at before)

33. How is it relevant to Community and Society? Looking at new materials range from 300-400nm HHG: make light source at between 4nm and 30nm How is it useful to other sciences: Bio and medicine (technology and research) Allows to look at membrane proteins

34. How is it relevant to Community and Society? Benefit: develop new drugs/medications Researching new devices Make LEDs (cheaper) Applications of UV Lasers and LEDs Data storage (Blue-Ray Discs) Laser eye surgery Micromachining Dermatology (medical) Sterilisation Research Industrial Currently not many lasers available in that range

35. How Has Our View of Science or Scientists Changed? “They haven’t really changed” – Gwynneth There are so many particular areas of science to study and work in that we’re just overwhelmed

36. What Have We Learnt? Experimental techniques Measures and read data accurately Use different instruments such as (gas chamber, HHG) vacuum and laser beams Team Work Organization Communication

37. What choices have opened up to me In Possible Career Choices? By seeing the connection of what physicists do and how they contribute to world problems. Career choices we have been inspired to look into are: Engineer (all) Researcher (CSIRO)

38. How has being part of GTP changed my appreciation for physical science? We find physics a bit easier Science is all just about specific facts Science is a part of evolution Society requires science It is more entertaining than a text book 

39. Acknowledgements The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science: Christopher Hall & Khuong Dinh Guest Speakers: Prof. Lap Van Dao, Jeff Davis, Brenton Hall, Chris Vale & Evelyn Cannon AKORN Educational Services: Lisa Portlock AKORN Educational Services: Georgene Bridgeman NAB Schools First & Catholic Education Office The Growing Tall Poppies Program Director: Dr Eroia Barone-Nugent Santa Maria College

40. THANK YOU