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Understanding DNS and TCP Sequence Numbers: Fundamentals of Networking

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This discussion explores key concepts of Domain Name System (DNS) and TCP sequence numbers. It covers the mapping of domain names (e.g., www.cnn.com) to IP addresses (e.g., 157.166.255.18) and the hierarchy of DNS servers, including root servers, TLD servers, and authoritative DNS servers. Additionally, we delve into the TCP protocol, emphasizing the significance of sequence numbers in establishing connections and ensuring reliable communication. This foundation is essential for understanding how web protocols operate over the internet.

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Understanding DNS and TCP Sequence Numbers: Fundamentals of Networking

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  1. DNS, Web, TCP Sequence Numbers EE122 Discussion 10/19/2011

  2. DNS • Mapping between names (e.g., www.cnn.com) and addresses (e.g., 157.166.255.18) • Hierarchy of DNS servers • Root servers • Top-level domain (TLD) servers • Authoritative DNS servers • Default Name Server

  3. HTTP • Request-response protocol • Based on a global naming system • …which uses the DNS for resolution • HTTP runs on top of TCP

  4. TCP Sequence Numbers • Initial sequence number for the connection is not zero • Sequence number refers to the first byte in the TCP packet payload

  5. Example (from class) • Packet arrives: • Seq: 2323 • Ack: 4001 • W=3000 • [no payload] • Appropriate response? Seq: 4001, payload: 4001-8000 Seq: 2001, payload: 2001-5000 Seq: 4001, payload: 4001-5000 Seq: 5001, payload: 5001-6001 Seq: 8001, payload: 8001-9000

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