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BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future

BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future. News from Basic Energy Sciences. Patricia M. Dehmer Associate Director of Science for Basic Energy Sciences 10 October 2000. http://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/bes.html. The Mission of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences:

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BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future

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  1. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future News from Basic Energy Sciences Patricia M. Dehmer Associate Director of Science for Basic Energy Sciences 10 October 2000 http://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/bes.html • The Mission of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences: • Foster and support fundamental research to provide the basis for new, improved, environmentally conscientious energy technologies; • Plan, construct, and operate major scientific user facilities for “materials sciences and related disciplines” to serve researchers from academia, federal laboratories, and industry

  2. Budget

  3. U.S. Department of Energy FY 2001 Congressional Budget Request (Dollars in Millions) • Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology ($84M, +36M) • High-Performance Computing for Science in the 21st Century -- Enhanced Capabilities ($190M, +70M) • Life Sciences -- Understanding the Microbial Cell ($12M, +12M) and Biomedical Engineering ($7M, +5M) • Human ($90M, +1M) & Microbial Genomes ($22M, +8M) • Global Climate Research ($123M, +3M) • Carbon Management Science ($36M, +4M) • Robotics & Intelligent Machines ($3M, +2M) • Spallation Neutron Source ($281M, +163M) • Scientific User Facilities Upgrades & Increased Utilization ($1,207M, +65M) • Large Hadron Collider ($70M, +0) FY 2000 Approp. FY 2001 Request Change Program Basic Energy Sciences Biological & Environ. Res. Fusion Energy Science Adv. Scientific Comp. Res. High Energy Physics Nuclear Physics MELFS and ERA Science Program Direction $ 771.6 432.9 244.7 127.9 697.7 347.7 34.0 131.1 $2,787.6 $ 1,015.8 445.3 247.3 182.0 714.7 369.9 34.9 141.2 $3,151.1 $+244.2 (32%) +12.4 (3%) +2.6 (1%) +54.1 (42%) +17.0 (2%) +22.2 (6%) +0.9 (3%) +10.1 (8%) $+363.5 (13%) Numbers in parentheses are FY01 request & increment from FY00 appropriation

  4. 10/06/00 FY2001 FY2001 Amended FY2001 House Conference FY2000 FY2001 President's Mark FY2001 Senate Mark Appropriation President's Request (SNS w/General Mark w/Gen. w/General w/Reductions Request Reduction) Reduction Red. Reduction Materials Sciences 397185 456111 456011 411167 405837 451564 Chemical Sciences 206454 223229 223229 207654 211229 220944 Engineering&Geosciences 37209 40816 40816 37639 39816 40366 Energy Biosciences 30713 33714 33714 30705 19172 33341 SNS Construction 100000 261900 259500 100000 221900 259500 Total 771561 1015770 1013270 787165 897954 1005715 Totals above have been reduced by the following amounts: FY2000 Reductions General Reduction 5066 Contractor Travel 3873 Omnibus Rescission 2627 FY2001 Reductions General Reduction 3835 7655 FY2001 Budget Progress

  5. Research 39,999 MIE's (Research Capital Equipment) 11,600 Facility Operations 12,217 SNS Construction & OPC 160,700 Waste Management 8,073 GPP/GPE 572 SBIR/STTR 993 Total 234,154 Budget Changes FY2000 to FY2001 Dollars in Thousands

  6. Most importantly, ... Thanks for your help!

  7. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) September 1998 NSTC Committee on Technology establishes Interagency Working Group on Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology (IWGN). Participating Agencies: NSF, DOE, DOD, NIH, NASA, DOC/NISTJanuary 1999 Industry, academic, government workshop on research prioritiesJan-present IWGN meets approximately monthlyAugust 1999 First draft of IWGN National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)August 1999 BES Reports:Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology Research Directionshttp://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/nanoscale.html Complex Systems: Science for the 21st Centuryhttp://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/complexsystems.htmSeptember 1999 Interagency OMB briefingOctober 1999 Interagency PCAST Nanotechnology Panel Briefing:Juan M. Garces, Dow Chemical Company Colin Gardner, Merck & Co., Inc. Michael J. Heller, Nanogen Yoshio Nishi, Texas Instruments Inc. Philip W. Phillips, University of Illinois Richard E. Smalley, Rice University Charles M. Vest, MIT (Chair of the Panel) Viola Vogel, University of Washington Lilian Shiao-Yen Wu, IBM Corp.November 1999 PCAST Nanotechnology Panel recommendationsJanuary 2000 Nanotechnology initiative described “unofficially”February 2000 Release of initiative with the President’s budget submission to Congress including $36.1M for BES.September 2000$36.1 M for BES!

  8. NSTC and PCAST National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)Established in 1993, this Cabinet-level Council coordinates science, space, and technology across the Federal government. The President chairs the NSTC; membership consists of the Vice President, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, Cabinet Secretaries and Agency Heads with significant science and technology responsibilities, and other White House officials. The NSTC has five standing committees:Committee on TechnologyInteragency Working Group on NanotechnologyCommittee on International Science, Engineering, and TechnologyCommittee on National SecurityCommittee on ScienceCommittee on Environment and Natural ResourcesPresident's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST)Established at time of the NSTC, PCAST advises the President on the Administration’s science and technology policies and budgets. Committee members (19) are drawn from the private sector -- industry, education, and research institutions, and other nongovernmental organizations. The Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (Neal Lane)co-chairs PCAST together with a private sector member selected by the President. PCAST meets in public session about four times a year.

  9. Nanoscience and Our Quest for Mastery of MaterialsThe Million Year Journey • Early man fashioned the first cutting tools - stone handaxes - about one million years ago (lower left). • But Mother Nature has been making far more sophisticated cutting tools for hundreds of millions of years (lower right). Employing nanotechnology, these tools are made at ambient temperature and in aqueous (water) solution! • The challenge: Can we use nanoscale science and technology to design functional materials and devices that Mother Nature never envisioned? Mother Nature’s Early Cutting ToolsUtilizing Nanotechnology Early Man-Made Cutting Tools Crude Acheulean handaxe from Sbaika, Algeria. About 500,000 to 1,000,000 years. T-rex tooth (65,000,000 years) Triangular handaxe of the perfected variety, Early Aurignacian. If the dating is correct, this is among the last handaxes made before the final diversification and specialization of fine stone tools made the handaxe obsolete. Deinonychus antirrhopus claw

  10. The Scale of Things

  11. Challenges for the BES NSET Program • Attain a fundamental understanding of nanoscale phenomena When sample size, grain size, or domain size shrink to the nanoscale, physical properties - such as melting point or density - are strongly affected and may differ dramatically from the corresponding properties in the bulk. The physical and chemical properties of these nanoscale systems are not well understood. This is a new subject with its own set of physical principles, theoretical descriptions, and experimental techniques. Additionally, understanding and controlling so-called quantum effects within and between nanoscale objects might serve as the basis for a new generation of advanced technologies such as quantum computing. • Design/synthesize materials atom by atom to produce materials with desired properties In the future, design and synthesis of new materials at the atomic level will be accomplished using only the known properties of the elements. Experiment, theory, modeling, computational simulation all will play critical roles in this quest. But this will require the development of new chemistries, new physical techniques, increased use of processing under unusual conditions, and systems to synthesize and then characterize huge numbers of materials simultaneously. Manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale remains an outstanding challenge. • Understand how living organisms create materials and functional complexes Nature arranges atoms and molecules into three-dimensional objects of extraordinary complexity to produce objects with required optical, mechanical, electrical, catalytic, and tribological properties. Nature has also learned how to combine materials and structures to build molecular-level machines. Some serve as pumps; others move molecules or whole cells; and still others produce or convert energy. By applying these principles to artificial systems, we can make immense advances in energy conversion; data transmission, processing, and storage; “smart”materials; sensors; new catalysts; better drugs; and more efficient waste disposal. • Create experimental tools and theory/modeling tools to accelerate nanoscale research The history of science has shown that new tools drive scientific revolutions. They allow the discovery of phenomena not previously seen and the study of known phenomena at shorter time scales, at shorter distances, and with greater sensitivity. Revolutionary new tools are needed for the active control of growth, for massively parallel analysis, and for working with small sample volumes. Capabilities will be needed for triggering, isolating, or activating single molecules; for independently addressing multiple molecules in parallel; and for transferring or harvesting energy to or from a single molecule. New generations of theory and computational tools will also be required.

  12. BES NSET Program • BES will support: (1) awards to individual investigators or small groups of investigators in DOE laboratories and academia and (2) Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs) at laboratories currently housing major BES user facilities. • RFA will be issued to universities for up to ~$18 M with companion program for laboratories for up to ~$18 M. At universities, single PI or multiple PIs; at labs, group activities with significant synergy. • NSRCs have a number of criteria, e.g., NSRCs will: • advance the fundamental understanding and control of materials at the nanoscale, • provide an environment to support individual investigators/small groups working together on problems of a scope, complexity, and disciplinary breadth not possible working separately, with the whole being greater than the sum of the parts, • optimize the use of the BES national user facilities for materials characterization and provide state-of-the-art equipment to in-house and visiting researchers, • provide the foundation for the development of nanotechnologies important to the Department, • provide a formal mechanism for both short- and long-term collaborations and partnerships among DOE laboratory, academic, and industrial researchers, • provide training for graduate students and postdoctoral associates in interdisciplinary nanoscale research in cooperation with regional or national academic institutions • build on the core competencies of the host laboratory, particularly the major BES user facility or facilities and the BES research programs already in place at that laboratory • advance the strategic vision of the host laboratory • partner with state government and local institutions • complement one another

  13. Other Initiative Areas • Computational chemistry • Robotics and intelligent machines • Microbial cell research • Plant genomics • EPSCoR

  14. BES from 30,000 feet

  15. Office of Lab. Operations/ES&H Associate Director James Turi Chicago Operations Office Manager Robert San Martin Oakland Operations Office Manager Camille Yuan- Soo Hoo Oak Ridge Operations Office Manager Leah Dever Office of Science Director Mildred Dresselhaus Principal Deputy Director James F. Decker Deputy Director for Operations Milton Johnson YOU ARE HERE Office of Basic Energy Sciences Associate Director Patricia Dehmer Office of Biological and Environmental Res. Associate Director Aristides Patrinos Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Associate Director S. Peter Rosen Office of Fusion Energy Sciences Associate Director N. Anne Davies Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Res. Associate Director Edward Oliver Office of Resource Management Associate Director John Rodney Clark Office of Planning and Analysis Director William Valdez Office of Laboratory Policy Director Antoinette Joseph • BES Mission: • Foster and support fundamental research to provide the basis for new, improved, environmentally conscientious energy technologies; • Plan, construct, and operate major scientific user facilities for “materials sciences and related disciplines” to serve researchers from academia, federal laboratories, and industry

  16. Office of Science Major Research Areas • Materials Sciences • Catalysis • Ceramics • Condensed Matter Physics • Corrosion • Electronic Properties of Materials • Experimental Techniques & Instrument Devel. • Intermetallic Alloys • Magnetism and Magnetic Materials • Materials Physics and Chemistry • Mechanical and Physical Behavior • Metallic Glasses • Metallurgy, Metal Forming, Welding & Joining • Neutron and Photon Scattering • Nondestructive Evaluation • Photovoltaics • Polymer Science • Radiation Effects • Solid Dynamics • Structural Characterization • Superconductivity • Surface Science • Synthesis and Processing Science • Theory, Modeling, & Computer Simulation • Geosciences • Geochemistry of Mineral-fluid Interactions • Geophysical Interrogation of Earth’s Crust • Rock-fluid Dynamics • Biogeochemistry • Engineering Sciences • Materials Engineering • Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering • Multi-component Fluid Dynamics and Heat Flow • Nonlinear Dynamic Systems • Chemical Sciences • Analytical Chemistry • Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics • Advanced Batteries & Fuel Cells • Chemical Kinetics • Chemical Physics • Catalysis - Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phase • Combustion Dynamics • Electrochemistry • Heavy Element Chemistry • Interfacial Chemistry • Organometallic Chemistry • Photochemistry • Photosynthetic Mechanisms • Radiation Effects • Separations Science • Solar Energy Conversion • Theory, Modeling, & Computer Simulation • Thermophysical Properties • Biosciences • Biochemistry, Biocatalysis, Bioenergetics, Biomaterials, and Biophysics • Extremophilic Organisms • Fermentation Microbiology • Photosynthetic Mechanisms • Plant and Microbial Sciences • Plant Genomics • Physics • High Energy and Particle Physics • Heavy Ion & Medium Energy Nuclear Physics • Accelerator and Detector R&D • Particle Astrophysics • Physics Theory • Plasma Physics • Advanced Fusion Designs & Specialized Materials • Life Sciences • Human Genome • Structural Biology • Microbial Genome • Low Dose Radiation Research • Functional Genomics • Human Subjects in Research • Structural Biology Facilities • Genome Instrumentation • Computational & Structural Biology Medical Sciences • Molecular Radiopharmaceutical Development • Boron Neutron Capture Therapy • Molecular Nuclear Medical Imaging • Imaging Gene Expression • Biomedical Engineering Environmental Sciences • Decade to Century Climate Modeling • Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) • Atmospheric Science & Chemistry • Carbon Cycle Research • Ocean Sciences • Ecosystem Function and Response • Information & Integration • Integrated Assessment of Climate Change • Bioremediation of Metals & Radionuclides • Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab Mathematics and Advanced Computing • Linear Algebra Libraries • Scientific Computing & Network Testbeds • Advanced Computer Science • Applied Mathematics • Advanced Computing Facilities • Advanced Computing Software and Collaboratory Tools • BES - Basic Energy Sciences • HENP - High Energy and Nuclear Physics • BER - Biological & Environmental Research • ASCR - Advanced Scientific Computing Res

  17. $ 755.6 M 100.0 131.3 Base Research 11.9 (Universities*) 10.6 Base Research (Labs) 48.2 BES User Facilities Capital Equipment GPP AIP 198.6 Construction (SNS) 255.0 * Includes the funding for not-for-profits, other agencies, and private institutions. B/A in millions of dollars BES FY2000 Budget AIP Base Research (Univ.)* Construction GPP Capital Equip. Base Research (Labs) BES User Facilities

  18. Office of Basic Energy Sciences Associate Director's Office Staff Contacts Patricia Dehmer, Associate Director b Iran Thomas, Deputy Associate Director Mary Jo Martin, Secretary Robert Astheimer F. Don Freeburn Stanley Staten Sharon Long Materials Sciences and Engineering Division Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division bIran Thomas, Director Christie Ashton, Program Analyst Tarra Hardeman, Secretary William Millman, Acting Director Karen Talamini, Program Analyst Carolyn Dorsey, Secretary Metal, Ceramic, and Engineering Sciences Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Chemistry Fundamental Interactions Molecular Processes and Geosciences Energy Biosciences Robert Gottschall Terry Jones, Proc. Tech. William Oosterhuis Melanie Becker, Proc. Tech. Paul Smith (Acting) Diane Matthews, Proc. Tech. Allan Laufer Sharon Bowser, Proc. Tech. Gregory Dilworth Patricia Snyder, Proc. Tech. Structure and Composition of Materials Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Catalysis and Chemical Transformations Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics Plant Sciences and Microbiology Robert Gottschall Vacant FTE uRobert Hwang, SNL Jerry Smith Vacant FTE uDaniel Melamed, BNL Gregory Dilworth James Tavares Eric Rohlfing Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Radiation Effects Chemical Energy and Chemical Engineering Biochemistry and Biophysics Chemical Physics Manfred Leiser Vacant FTE uDale Koelling, ANL Walter Stevens Vacant FTE lSharlene Weatherwax, UCLA William Kirchhoff Eric Rohlfing Yok Chen uRobert Hwang, SNL Paul Maupin Neutron and X-ray Scattering Physical Behavior of Materials Separations and Analysis Photochemical and Radiation Sciences Helen Kerch Vacant FTE lDick Gordon, Wash. State U uNorman Edelstein, LBNL uAndrew Quong, LLNL uWendy Cieslak, SNL uRobert Hwang, SNL lAngus Rockett, U. of IL Mary Gress Walter Stevens Neutron and X-ray Scattering Facilities Heavy Element Chemistry Facility Operations Vacant FTE Synthesis and Processing Alan Dragoo Vacant FTE Timothy Fitzsimmons uAngus Rockett, U. of IL William Millman William Kirchhoff Paul Smith Materials Chemistry Paul Smith uNorman Edelstein, LBNL Dick Kelley Vacant FTE Matesh Varma Geosciences Legend Engineering Sciences EPSCoR Nicholas Woodward lRoger Turpening, MTU uHenry Shaw, LLNL Robert Price lBassem Armaly, U. of MO Timothy Fitzsimmons uWendy Cieslak bDual Capacity lIPA uDetailee Matesh Varma Spallation Neutron Source Jeffrey Hoy 21 September 2000

  19. Materials Sciences Subprogram Chemical Sciences Subprogram Engineering and Geosciences Subprogram Legend Energy Biosciences Subprogram bDual Capacity lIPA uDetailee Office of Basic Energy Sciences Associate Director's Office Staff Contacts Patricia Dehmer, Associate Director b Iran Thomas, Deputy Associate Director Mary Jo Martin, Secretary Robert Astheimer F. Don Freeburn Stanley Staten Sharon Long Materials Sciences and Engineering Division Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division bIran Thomas, Director Christie Ashton, Program Analyst Tarra Hardeman, Secretary William Millman, Acting Director Karen Talamini, Program Analyst Carolyn Dorsey, Secretary Metal, Ceramic, and Engineering Sciences Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Chemistry Fundamental Interactions Molecular Processes and Geosciences Energy Biosciences Robert Gottschall Terry Jones, Proc. Tech. William Oosterhuis Melanie Becker, Proc. Tech. Paul Smith (Acting) Diane Matthews, Proc. Tech. Allan Laufer Sharon Bowser, Proc. Tech. Gregory Dilworth Patricia Snyder, Proc. Tech. Structure and Composition of Materials Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Catalysis and Chemical Transformations Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics Plant Sciences and Microbiology Robert Gottschall Vacant FTE uRobert Hwang, SNL Jerry Smith Vacant FTE uDaniel Melamed, BNL Gregory Dilworth James Tavares Eric Rohlfing Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Radiation Effects Chemical Energy and Chemical Engineering Biochemistry and Biophysics Chemical Physics Manfred Leiser Vacant FTE uDale Koelling, ANL Walter Stevens Vacant FTE lSharlene Weatherwax, UCLA William Kirchhoff Eric Rohlfing Yok Chen uRobert Hwang, SNL Paul Maupin Neutron and X-ray Scattering Physical Behavior of Materials Separations and Analysis Photochemical and Radiation Sciences Helen Kerch Vacant FTE lDick Gordon, Wash. State U uNorman Edelstein, LBNL uAndrew Quong, LLNL uWendy Cieslak, SNL uRobert Hwang, SNL lAngus Rockett, U. of IL Mary Gress Walter Stevens Neutron and X-ray Scattering Facilities Heavy Element Chemistry Facility Operations Vacant FTE Synthesis and Processing Alan Dragoo Vacant FTE Timothy Fitzsimmons uAngus Rockett, U. of IL William Millman William Kirchhoff Paul Smith Materials Chemistry Paul Smith uNorman Edelstein, LBNL Dick Kelley Vacant FTE Matesh Varma Geosciences Engineering Sciences EPSCoR Nicholas Woodward lRoger Turpening, MTU uHenry Shaw, LLNL Robert Price lBassem Armaly, U. of MO Timothy Fitzsimmons uWendy Cieslak Matesh Varma Spallation Neutron Source Jeffrey Hoy 21 September 2000

  20. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory BES X-ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities Advanced Photon Source Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Advanced Light Source National Synchrotron Light Source Spallation Neutron Source Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center High-Flux Isotope Reactor

  21. The largest collection of scientific user facilities for exploring the atomic world operated by a single organization in the world • 4 Synchrotron Radiation Light Sources Major User Facilities: • 4 High-Flux Neutron Sources • 4 Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers Collaborative Research Centers: • 5 Special Purpose Centers BES Facilities & Collaborative Research Centers Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research Advanced Photon Source Materials Preparation Center Center for Microanalysis of Materials Intense Pulsed Neutron Source National Synchrotron Light Source Advanced Light Source Spallation Neutron Source National Center for Electron Microscopy Surface Modification & Characterization Center Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Shared Research Equipment Program Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Combustion Research Facility High-Flux Isotope Reactor James R. MacDonald Lab Pulse Radiolysis Facility

  22. "There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics." [Mark Twain] Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics

  23. DOE Laboratories (SC,DP,EM, FE,EE) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory Ames Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory Brookhaven National Laboratory Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory National Energy Technology Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories, CA Los Alamos National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories, AL Multiprogram Laboratories National Renewable Energy Laboratory Program-Dedicated Laboratories

  24. 1,300,000 5 SC Multiprogram Labs* ANL, BNL, LBNL, ORNL, PNNL 1,200,000 DOE (x/SC) DOE: $ 1,869 million Office of Science (x/BES) 1,100,000 SC : $ 1,132 million (61%) BES BES: $ 524 million (28%) 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 700,000 FY 1999 Appropriation (dollars in thousands) 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 - ORNL* ANL* BNL* LBNL* SNL SLAC LANL Ames PNNL* LLNL NREL INEEL ORISE PPPL 14 DOE National Laboratories - in order of BES funding level FY99 DOE, SC, BES Funding to Labs

  25. 140,000 Facilities Operations ($286.3M) 130,000 Facilities General Reduction ($1.5M) 120,000 Materials Sciences ($186.6M) 110,000 Chemical Sciences ($132.6M) Engineering & Geosciences ($41.7M) 100,000 Energy Biosciences ($29.1M) 90,000 FY 1999 Appropriation (dollars in thousands) 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 - Off Site ORNL ANL BNL LBNL SNL SLAC LANL Ames PNNL LLNL NREL INEEL ORISE PPPL 14 DOE National Laboratories - in order of overall BES funding level FY 99 BES Funding to Labs(with Construction) SNS Const. SNS APS HFIR ALS NSLS REDC IPNS HFBR CRF Const. SSRL LANSCE CRF

  26. 75,000 $141,571 k 70,000 GPP/GPE ($15.9M) - funded in CS 65,000 EPSCoR ($6.8M) Solid State Physics x/SNS ($72.9M) 60,000 Metal and Ceramic Sciences ($80.8M) 55,000 Materials Chemistry ($26.2M) 50,000 Fundamental Interactions ($63.8M) HFIR 45,000 Upgrade Molecular Processes ($52.9M) ($2.8M) FY 1999 Appropriation (dollars in thousands) 40,000 Geosciences ($24.2M) x1/2 Engineering ($17.5M) 35,000 Energy Biosciences ($29.1M) 30,000 25,000 20,000 LANSCE 15,000 Upgrade ($4.5M) 10,000 5,000 0 HALF ORNL ANL BNL LBNL SNL SLAC LANL Ames PNNL LLNL NREL INEEL ORISE PPPL Off Site 14 DOE National Laboratories - in order of overall BES funding level FY 99 BES Funding to Labs(without Construction)

  27. Base Research (Univ.) 400 Univ./Lab levels not yet determined. Base Research (Labs) Facilities Operations 350 Capital Equipment & Construction 300 250 Budget Authority (As Spent Dollars in Millions) 200 150 100 50 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Confer. FISCAL YEAR BES Funding Trends

  28. 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% Universities 35% DOE Laboratories 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Fiscal Year BES Research Funding toDOE Laboratories and Universities

  29. Alfred University George Washington University North Carolina Agricultural and Technical Arizona State University Georgia Tech Research Corp State University Auburn University Harvard College North Carolina State University Boston College Harvard University North Dakota State University Boston University Howard University Northeastern University Brandeis University Idaho State University Northwestern University Brown University Illinois Institute of Technology Ohio State University California Institute of Technology Indiana University Ohio University California State University, Fullerton Iowa State University Oklahoma State University California State University, North Ridge Johns Hopkins University Old Dominion University Carnegie Mellon University Kansas State University Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Case Western Reserve University Keck Graduate Institute Technology City University of New York, City College Lehigh University Oregon State University City University of New York, Hunter Co. Louisiana State University Pennsylvania State University City University of New York, Lehman Co. Marquette University Polytechnic University Clark Atlanta University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton University Clarkson University Medical College of Wisconsin Purdue Research Foundation Clemson University Miami University Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute College of William and Mary Michigan State University Rice University Colorado School of Mines Michigan Technological University Rockefeller University Colorado State University Mississippi State University Rutgers, The State University of New Columbia University Montana State University Jersey Cornell University Morehouse College South Dakota School of Mines Dartmouth College Mount Sinai School of Medicine Southern Illinois University Duke University New Jersey Institute of Technology Stanford University East Tennessee State University New Mexico Institute of Mining and State University of New York, Binghamton Emory University Technology State University of New York, Buffalo Florida Atlantic University New York University State University of New York, Stony Brook Florida State University Stevens Institute of Technology Universities Funded by BES in FY 2000 - continued -

  30. Temple University University of Houston University of Puerto Rico Texas A&M Research Foundation University of Idaho University of Rhode Island Texas Engineering Experimental Station University of Illinois University of Rochester Texas Tech University University of Iowa University of South Carolina Tufts University University of Kansas University of Southern California Tulane University University of Kentucky University of Southern Mississippi University of Akron University of Louisville University of Tennessee University of Alabama University of Maryland, Baltimore Co. University of Texas University of Arizona University of Maryland, College Park University of Toledo University of Arkansas University of Massachusetts, Amherst University of Utah University of California, Berkeley University of Massachusetts, Boston University of Vermont University of California, Davis University of Memphis University of Virginia University of California, Irvine University of Michigan University of Washington University of California, Los Angeles University of Minnesota University of Wisconsin University of California, Riverside University of Missouri University of Wyoming University of California, San Diego University of Montana Utah State University University of California, Santa Barbara University of Nebraska Vanderbilt University University of California, Santa Cruz University of Nevada Virginia Commonwealth University University of Central Florida University of New Mexico Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University of Chicago University of New Orleans University University of Cincinnati University of North Carolina Washington State University University of Colorado University of North Dakota Wayne State University University of Connecticut University of North Texas West Virginia University University of Delaware University of Notre Dame Western Michigan University University of Delaware University of Oklahoma Wichita State University University of Florida University of Oregon Worcester Polytechnic Institute University of Georgia University of Pennsylvania Xavier University University of Hawaii University of Pittsburgh Yale University Universities Funded by BES in FY 2000 - continued -

  31. As Spent Dollars 500 OMB Constant FY01 Dollars 450 Salary Adjusted Constant FY01 Dollars (AAUP) 400 350 300 250 Base Research Budgets (B/A) - Dollars in Millions 200 150 100 50 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Conf. FISCAL YEAR BES Funding Trends - Research

  32. ORNL ANL BNL LBNL Ames PNNL 1200 RESEARCH 1100 1000 900 800 700 Number of FTEs supported by BES 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 BES Staffing Trends - Research

  33. ORNL ANL BNL LBNL SLAC 1200 FACILITIES 1100 1000 SSRL - No data before FY93 * 900 800 700 Number of FTEs supported by BES 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 BES Staffing Trends - Facilities

  34. What Did All That Mean? • BES work at the DOE labs -- once dominated by individual investigator/small group activities -- is now dominated by world-class scientific facilities serving the Nation, by collaborative research centers, by research associated with the themes of these facilities and centers, and by other research uniquely suited to the laboratories. This trend is supported by numerous blue-ribbon panels. • Work at universities is a critical component of our portfolio. It has remained a constant fraction of the research portfolio for more than a decade, and it will so continue. • Laboratory activities are increasingly linked to activities at other institutions. • “Flat funding” for the physical sciences in SC isn’t. It’s much worse than flat.

  35. The Future of BES Science • This portfolio must maintain national leadership in special stewardship areas and must contribute to U.S. leadership in many more areas. • Appropriate intramural and extramural programs must be strengthened or newly established, e.g., • Nanoscale Science Research Centers • Special institutes (e.g., in catalysis where the U.S. is predicted to weaken relative to Europe and Japan) • PI/Small group activities in academia and labs • Facilities for the Nation • X-ray and neutron scattering major user facilities • Collaborative research centers • Next generation facilities • +15% per year for 5 years, a bold vision that must be coherently advanced

  36. BES, BESAC, and You

  37. Office of Lab. Operations/ES&H Associate Director James Turi Chicago Operations Office Manager Robert San Martin Oakland Operations Office Manager Camille Yuan- Soo Hoo Oak Ridge Operations Office Manager Leah Dever Office of Science Director Mildred Dresselhaus Principal Deputy Director James F. Decker Deputy Director for Operations Milton Johnson BESAC BERAC HEPAP NSAC FESAC ASCAC YOU ARE HERE Office of Basic Energy Sciences Associate Director Patricia Dehmer Office of Biological and Environmental Res. Associate Director Aristides Patrinos Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Associate Director S. Peter Rosen Office of Fusion Energy Sciences Associate Director N. Anne Davies Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Res. Associate Director Edward Oliver Office of Resource Management Associate Director John Rodney Clark Office of Planning and Analysis Director William Valdez Office of Laboratory Policy Director Antoinette Joseph • BES Mission: • Foster and support fundamental research to provide the basis for new, improved, environmentally conscientious energy technologies; • Plan, construct, and operate major scientific user facilities for “materials sciences and related disciplines” to serve researchers from academia, federal laboratories, and industry

  38. Mildred S. Dresselhaus Director, Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 (202) 586-5430 mildred.dresselhaus@sc.doe.gov Currently on a leave of absence as: Institute Professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dr. Dresselhaus is one of 12 Institute Professors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A solid-state physicist, she holds appointments in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Department of Physics. She began her association with MIT in 1960 when she joined the staff at Lincoln Laboratory. She was later affiliated with MIT's Center for Materials Science and Engineering, which she directed from 1977-83, and with the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory. Her current work focuses on various carbon-based systems including fullerenes and nanotubes, low dimensional thermoelectricity, magnetism, and high-temperature superconductivity. She is author of a comprehensive source book on fullerenes and another book on carbon nanotubes and fibers. Dr. Dresselhaus has served as president of the AAAS; chair of the AAAS Board of Directors; president of the APS; treasurer of the NAS. She has been a member of the Councils of NAS and the NAE and is also a member of the American Philosophical Society, the Materials Research Society, and the Society of Women Engineers. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, APS, and IEEE. Dr. Dresselhaus has received numerous honors and awards including 17 honorary doctorates and the National Medal of Science.

  39. BESAC • Established September 4, 1986. • Operates in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA, Public Law 92-463; 92nd Congress, H.R. 4383; October 6, 1972) and all applicable FACA Amendments, Federal Regulations, and Executive Orders. • Reports to the Director of the Office of Science, who provides the charge to the committee annually or as needed. The charter allows BESAC to provide: • Periodic reviews of elements of the Basic Energy Sciences program and recommendations based thereon. • Advice on long-range plans, priorities, and strategies to address more effectively the scientific aspects of energy-related Basic Energy Sciences. • Advice on appropriate levels of funding to develop those plans, priorities, and strategies and to help maintain appropriate balance between competing elements of the Basic Energy Sciences program. • Advice on scientific aspects of Basic Energy Sciences issues of concern to the Department of Energy as requested by the Secretary or the Director of the Office of Science. • A relatively large Advisory Committee; meets 2-4 times per year.

  40. The Federal Advisory Committee Act • Congress formally recognized the merits of seeking the advice and assistance of our Nation's citizens. • Under FACA, advisory committees are created only when they are essential to the performance of a duty or responsibility conveyed upon the Executive Branch by law. • Through the expertise of the advisory committee members, Federal officials and the Nation have access to information and advice on a broad range of issues affecting Federal policies and programs. • FACA requires advisory committees to be fairly balanced in terms of the points of view represented and the functions to be performed. This includes sometimes strongly opposing views of members in order to provide a foundation for developing advice and recommendations to DOE that are fair and comprehensive. • Federal Advisory Committees are the only mechanism by which federal officials may obtain consensus advice. http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/fedadvca.htm

  41. BESAC Subcommittees • "Subcommittee(s): To facilitate the functioning of the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, subcommittees may be formed. The objectives of the subcommittees are to make recommendations to the parent committee with respect to particular matters related to the responsibilities of the parent committee." • Subcommittees are appointed and charged by the Chair of BESAC. They may meet in closed session but must report to BESAC in open session. BESAC considers the recommendations of the subcommittee and acts upon them. BESAC then reports to DOE. • Much of the work of BESAC occurs between meeting by subcommittees: • Neutron Source Upgrades and Specifications for SNS (1996; Research Reactor Upgrades, Robert Birgeneau, Chair; Spallation Neutron Source Upgrades, Gabriel Aeppli, Chair; Technical Specifications for the Next Generation Spallation Source, Thomas Russell, Chair) • DOE Synchrotron Radiation Sources and Science (November, 1997; Robert Birgeneau, Chair and Z.-X. Shen,Vice Chair) • Novel, Coherent Light Sources (January, 1999; Steve Leone, Chair) • Review of the Advanced Light Source (February, 2000; Yves Petroff, Chair) • Review of the High Flux Isotope Reactor Upgrade and User Program (October, 1998; Jack Crow, Chair) • Complex and Collective Systems (August, 1999) • Review of the Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers (February, 2000; John Stringer, Chair) • Neutron Scattering (February, 2000; Martin Blume, Chair) • Review of IPNS/LANSCE (Report due March, 2001; Ward Plummer, Chair) • BES Management/Award Process Review (Report due 2001; Carl Lineberger, Chair)

  42. Membership on BESAC • As a committee member, you are entitled to contact Congress as long as: • the issue is related to you personally or your primary employment • you are asked by Congress to do so • It is lawful to meet with Members of Congress on subjects as described above while referencing federal documents resulting from advisory committee activities. • It is unlawful to organize, or be part of an organized group, to orchestrate a group assault on Congress, using taxpayer dollars. Meaning … you can't arrange BESAC or BES meetings to coordinate and orchestrate a group assault for basic science and research. • As a Federal Advisory Committee member, you do not surrender your right under the First Amendment* to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. * Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

  43. Membership on BESAC • Members are required to recuse themselves from participating in any meeting, study, recommendation, or other Committee activity that could have a direct and predictable effect on the companies, organizations, or agencies with which they are associated or in which they have a financial interest. • Members should also be aware that section 219(a), title 18, United States Code, makes it a criminal offense for a "public official" to be, or to act, as an agent of a foreign principal required to register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938. For this purpose the term "public official" has been interpreted to include members of Federal advisory committees.

  44. David D. Awschalom Robert B. Horsch Sunil Sinha Department of Physics Director of Technology Associate Division Director University of California Monsanto Company Experimental Facilities Div. Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Middleton, WI 53562 Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Boris W. Batterman Anthony M. Johnson Argonne, IL 60439 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Department of Physics Richard E. Smalley Laboratory New Jersey Institute of Technology Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Newark, NJ 07102-1982 Department of Chemistry Menlo Park, CA 94025 Rice University Walter Kohn Houston, TX 77251 Collin L. Broholm Department of Physics Joachim Stohr Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California The Johns Hopkins University Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Baltimore, MD 21218 Laboratory Marsha I. Lester Stanford, CA 94309 Jack E. Crow Department of Chemistry Samuel I. Stupp Director, National High Magnetic University of Pennsylvania Field Laboratory Philadelphia, PA 19104 -6323 Materials Science and Engineering Florida State University and Chemistry Anne M. Mayes Tallahassee, FL 32306 -4005 Northwestern University Associate Professor of Polymer Physics Evanston, IL 60208 Patricia M. Dove Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kathleen C. Taylor School of Earth and Cambridge, MA 02139 Atmospheric Sciences Director C. William McCurdy, Jr. Georgia Institute of Technology General Motors NAO R&D Center Atlanta, GA 30332-0340 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Warren, MI 48090-9055 Berkeley, CA 94720 James A. Dumesic David E. Tirrell C. Bradley Moore Department of Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Vice President for Research and Chemical Engineering Madison, WI 53706 and Professor of Chemistry California Institute of Technology Ohio State University Pasadena, CA 91125 Mostafa A. El-Sayed Columbus, OH 43210-1321 Edel Wasserman Director, Laser Dynamics Laboratory Cherry Murray School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science Advisor Georgia Institute of Technology Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies DuPont Central Research Atlanta, GA 30332-0400 Murray Hill, NJ 07974 and Development Wilmington, DE 19880 -0328 D. Wayne Goodman Geraldine L. Richmond, Chair Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University University of Oregon College Station, TX 77843 Eugene, OR 97403 -1253 Designated Federal Official Laura H. Greene Zhi -Xun Shen, Vice Chair Patricia M. Dehmer Department of Physics Department of Applied Physics University of Illinois Stanford University Committee Manager Urbana, IL 61801-3080 Stanford, CA 94305 Sharon Long 2000-2001 BESAC Members

  45. Mostafa El-Sayed • Julius Brown Chair and Regents ProfessorDirector, Laser Dynamics LaboratoriesEditor-in-Chief, The Journal of Physical Chemistry • School of Chemistry & Biochemistry • Georgia Institute of Technology • Atlanta, GA 30332-0400 • (404) 894-0292 • mostafa.el-sayed@chemistry.gatech.edu Professor El-Sayed received his B.Sc. from Ain Shams U. Cairo, Egypt, and his Ph.D. from Florida State University. After being a research associate at Harvard, Yale, and the California Institute of Technology, he was appointed to the faculty of the University of California at Los Angeles. In 1994, Professor El-Sayed became the Julius Brown Professor and Director of the Laser Dynamics Laboratory at the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Georgia Institute of Technology. His research involves studying ultrafast dynamics in molecules, in amorphous and crystalline solid material in the bulk and on the nanometer length scale, as well as in photobiological systems. His studies involve ultrafast time resolved laser techniques. He has delivered one hundred invited talks at national meetings and an equal number at international meetings. He has delivered over 30 special named lectures all over the U.S. and published over 380 papers, mostly in referred journals.

  46. Laura Greene Professor of PhysicsUniversity of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign1110 West Green StreetUrbana, IL 61801-3080 USA (217) 333-7315 lhg@uiuc.edu Laura H. Greene received BS and MS degrees from Ohio State, and in 1984 received a Ph.D. in Physics from Cornell University investigating the linear and non-linear far-infrared properties of materials. She then joined Bell Laboratories, and then Bellcore, where she researched thin-film growth and tunneling of metallic multilayers, heavy-Fermions, superconductor-semiconductor hybrid structures and high-temperature superconductors. In 1992, she joined the senior physics faculty at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she continues her research on the physics of highly-correlated electron materials. Presently, her research focuses on thin-film growth, superconductive tunneling, optical properties and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of high-temperature superconducting thin films and multilayers, and the interfaces between metallic superconductors and compound-semiconductor heterostructures. Over her career, Greene has co-authored approximately 140 publications and has presented over 180 invited talks.

  47. Bradley Moore Vice President for Research and Professor of Chemistry 208 Bricker Hall 190 North Oval Mall Columbus, OH 43210-1321 (614) 292-1582 moore.1@osu.edu Professor Moore received his A.B. in Chemistry at Harvard University in 1960 and Ph.D. in Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley in 1963. He worked on the faculty at UC Berkeley from 1963 until 2000 where he served as Vice Chairman and Chairman of the Chemistry Department and Dean of the College of Chemistry. He was a Faculty Senior Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from 1974 until 2000 and was Director of its Chemical Sciences Division from 1998 until 2000. He joined The Ohio State University as Vice President for Research and Distinguished Professor of Mathematics and Physical Sciences in 2000. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1986 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1996. Professor Moore has received numerous research awards. Professor Moore was the founding chair of the Committee for Undergraduate Science Education of the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council, has guided undergraduate curriculum development and is a Trustee of Science Service, Inc.

  48. Cherry Murray Vice President Physical Sciences Research Lucent Technologies 700 Mountain Avenue, Room 1D269 Murray Hill, NJ 07974 (908) 582-5849 camurray@lucent.com Ph.D. Physics, M.I.T.; B.S. Physics, M.I.T. Bell Labs Service over 20 years of service (June 1978); Former Positions: Member of Technical Staff (MTS), Low Energy and Scattering Research; Distinguished Member of Technical Staff (1985), Low Temperature Physics Research; Department Head (1987), Low Temperature Physics Research; Department Head (1990), Condensed Matter Physics; Department Head (1993), Semiconductor Physics; Director (1997), Physics Research. Current Research Programs - Imaging of order-disorder transistions in colloidal crystals, controlled self-assembly of optical materials, and Raman scattering from very small monodisperse Si quantum dots. Latest Technical and Career Milestones - Discovered, along with graduate student, Jane Cerise, quantitative and qualitative differences in single particle trajectories associated with structural relaxation at different undercooling levels in a model colloidal bidispere system undergoing a fluid-glass transition.

  49. Kathleen Taylor Director Materials & Processes Laboratory MC 480-106-224 GM Research & Development Center 30500 Mound Road Warren MI 48090-9055 (810) 986-2010 kathleen.c.taylor@gm.com Douglass College, Rutgers The State U, AB, (chem), 64; Northwestern U, Ph D, (phys chem), 68; Dartmouth College, 89, Tuck Executive Program; Univ of Edinburgh. Prof. Exp: Postdoctoral Fellow, 68-70; General Motors Corporation, Assoc Senior Research Chemist, 70-74; Senior Research Chemist, 74-75; Asst Dept Head Phys Chem, 75-83; Dept Head Env Science, 83-85; Dept Head Phys Chem, 85-96; Dept Head Phys and Phys Chem, 96-98; Director Materials and Processes, 98-Present. Research areas include: management of research and development in materials science and engineering. Primary research responsibilities are metallurgy, polymers, composites, protective and wear resistant coatings, light metals, magnetic and optical materials, casting, molding, forming, joining, and mechanical properties.

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