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Ch. 16.5 Europe and Japan in Ruins I. Devastation in Europe A. A Harvest of Destruction

Ch. 16.5 Europe and Japan in Ruins I. Devastation in Europe A. A Harvest of Destruction. After 6 years of fighting 60 million people had died 50 million more were uprooted from their homes wandering the countryside looking for a place to live. A. A Harvest of Destruction.

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Ch. 16.5 Europe and Japan in Ruins I. Devastation in Europe A. A Harvest of Destruction

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  1. Ch. 16.5 Europe and Japan in RuinsI. Devastation in EuropeA. A Harvest of Destruction • After 6 years of fighting 60 million people had died • 50 million more were uprooted from their homes wandering the countryside looking for a place to live

  2. A. A Harvest of Destruction 3. In 1939 in Warsaw, Poland the population was 1.3 mil; by Jan. 1945 their were only 153,000 people were left 4. 95% of the central area of Berlin was destroyed by Allied bombs

  3. B. Misery Continues After the War • As a result of production revolving around war products food harvests were ignored as well as transportation systems being destroyed preventing distribution • This resulted in added deaths from famine and disease

  4. II. Postwar Governments and PoliticsA. Changes in Leadership • Germany, Italy, and France looked for change and it came in the form of the Communist Party since many of the resistance fighters were communist • In Italy and France the Communist Party promised change which is what the citizens wanted to hear

  5. A. Changes in Leadership 3. The first postwar elections went well for the Communists but they wanted to speed up the political process so they staged some violent strikes • This turned off the citizens who eventually vote for the anti-communist figures which ended the Communist Party’s influence

  6. B. The Nuremberg Trials • 1945-1946 an International Military Tribunal representing 23 nations put Nazi war criminals on trial in Nuremberg, Germany; Nuremberg Trials • Adolf Hitler, SS chief Heinrich Himmler, and Minister of Propaganda Joesph Goebbels committed suicide long before the trials began

  7. B. The Nuremberg Trials 3. Ten Nazi leaders were hanged on October 16,1946 and were then burned inside the ovens of Dachau as a symbol of what they did to millions 4. Only Hans Frank “Slayer of Poles” showed any remorse

  8. III. Postwar Japan A. Occupied Japan • Two million lives had been lost; Tokyo lay in ruins; Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been turned into blackened wastelands as a result of the Atomic bomb

  9. A. Occupied Japan 2. General MacArthur began the process of demilitarization or disbanding of the Japanese armed forces; leaving them a small police force 3. Democratization was set in motion to install a government elected by the people

  10. A. Occupied Japan • In February 1946 MacArthur & his advisors create a new constitution which changed Japan to a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain

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