Evolutionary Processes: A Comprehensive Review

1. EVOLUTION CLICKER REVIEW CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16

2. Which scientist used rotting meat to disprove spontaneous generation? • A. Spallanzani • B. Redi • C. Pasteur • D. Oparin

3. Which of the following did not exist in the early atmosphere? • Oxygen • Ammonia • Water vapor • Methane • Hydrogen

4. If the half-life of a radioactive material is 5, 000 years, then how much of a substance will remain after 3 half-lives? • ½ • ¼ • 1/8 • 1/16

5. How old is the material(half-life is still 5, 000 years) if it contains 1/16 of its original material? • 5, 000 years • 10,000 years • 15,000 years • 20,000 years

6. What did critics claim caused life to form once Redi disproved spontaneous generation? • Sunlight • Air • Vital force • Dust particles

7. What did Pasteur use to disprove the idea of spontaneous generation? • A container made of something other than glass • Curved shaped flask to collect the dust particles but keep • He covered the container so no light would penetrate the broth

8. A ribozyme is a/an • Ribosome • RNA molecule • Enzyme • Sugar

9. The first cells are thought to have resembled modern • Mitochondria • Animal cells • Archaebacteria • Plant cells

10. Redi placed meat in the control containers and covered them and put meat in the experimental containers and left them uncovered; he then observed them for maggot growth • True • False

11. What gas protects the earth from the sun’s harmful rays? • Oxygen • Ozone • Carbon dioxide • Water vapor

12. Many scientists think that the first aerobic prokaryotes invaded larger cells and eventually gave rise to the chloroplast • True • False

13. The first prokaryotes obtained their food through inorganic molecules synthesized into organic molecules • True • False

14. The first cells were most likely heterotrophic prokaryotes. • True • False

15. Fox created spherical shaped structures called coacervates that were composed of proteins that could bud to form more like itself • True • False

16. Homologous structures, dna similarities, and embryological similarities suggest that • We lived at different times • We came from a common ancestor • We evolved from proto cells • We are becoming simpler organisms

17. Organs with no apparent function are called • Analogous structures • Homologous structures • Vestigial structures

18. Inherited traits that give an organism an advantage to survival are called • Lethal mutations • Acquired traits • Adaptations • Oncogenes

19. Adaptive radiation is an example of divergent evolution (Darwin’s finches) • True • False

20. A major factor influencing convergent evolution is • A common gene pool • Adaptation to similar environments • Similar ancestry • Belonging to the same genus

21. Which answer best represents this statement: that organisms do not change in order to survive, that the environment determines which organisms survive. • The theory of acquired traits • Lamark’s ideas • the idea that the fossil record is false • Darwin’s ideas

22. Which of the following is not part of darwin’s theory of natural selections • Variation • Struggle for existence • Use or disuse of organs • overproduction

23. Most fossils are found in igneous rock • True • False

24. The law of superposition states that the younger fossils are found deeper in the rock layer. • True • False

25. The variations needed for species to adapt to a new environment are caused by • Casts • Gradual changes • Punctuated changes • Mutations

26. Which scientist believed that changes in limb structure are due to mutation and genetic recombination? • Darwin • Lamark • Both Darwin and Lamark • Neither Darwin nor Lamark

27. Which scientists would have believed that wings are an acquired characteristic? • Darwin • Lamark • Both Darwin and Lamark • Neither Darwin nor Lamark

28. The flying squirrel of north America closely resembles the flying phalanger of Australia. They are similar in size, structure, and physical appearance. The squirrel is a mammal while the phalanger is a marsupial. They are genetically and geographically separated by a great distance, which can be best explained by • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Spontaneous generation • Vestigial structures

29. Which type of selection will occur when individuals with the most favorable variations survive and pass them on to offspring • Directional • Stabilizing • Natural • Disruptive

30. The type of selection that may eliminate the intermediate phenotype is • Directional • Polygenic • Stabilizing • Disruptive

31. Which combination of characteristics in a population would provide the greatest potential for evolutionary changes? • Small populations and many mutations • Small populations and few mutations • Large populations and few mutations • Large population and many mutations

32. Migration will change the frequency of alleles in a population • True • False

33. If a population contains 20/100 black squirrels which represents the recessive phenotype, what is the frequency of them in the population • .10 • .20 • .30 • .40

34. Speciation may occur when adaptive radiation occurs • True • False

35. Evolution that occurs slowly and continually over time is called • Directional • Gradualism • Punctuated • Stabilizing

36. Which of the following describes a population? • Dogs and cats in Crystal Lake, IL • Roses and tulips in a garden • Dogwood trees in Middletown, Connecticut • Four species of fish living in a pond

37. The hypothesis that evolution occurs at an irregular rate through geologic time is known as • Punctuated evolution • Directional equilibrium • Directional evolution • Genetic equilibrium

38. Which of the following is NOT an example of an isolating mechanism? • A river separating members of a population • A female frog not recognizing the males’ crock for reproduction • Finch’s competing for same seeds • Random mating

39. In order for speciation to begin, there must be • Continuous breeding • Geographic isolation • Convergence • Divergence

40. Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection? • Giraffe neck length • Acorn size • Anteater’s tongue length • Human birth weight