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Perspectives with P ANDA

Perspectives with P ANDA. The new accelerator complex of GSI The antiproton’s activity The P ANDA scientific program. Paola Gianotti LNF. FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research. SIS 100/300. SIS. UNILAC. FRS. ESR. CBM. PP. Atomic Physics. PANDA. Super FRS. HESR.

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Perspectives with P ANDA

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  1. Perspectives with PANDA • The new accelerator complex of GSI • The antiproton’s activity • The PANDA scientific program Paola Gianotti LNF

  2. FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research SIS 100/300 SIS UNILAC FRS ESR CBM PP Atomic Physics PANDA Super FRS HESR CR + RESR p Target NESR Key Technical Features FLAIR • Cooled beams • Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets FAIR: the GSI future facility Primary Beams • 1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+ • Factor 100-1000 present in intensity • 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons • 1010/s 238U73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u Secondary Beams • Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in • intensity over present • Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV Storage and Cooler Rings • Radioactive beams • e – A collider • 1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons

  3. Magnetic Fusion Inertial Cofinement Fusion Sun Core Temperature [eV] PHELIX Laser Heating Ideal plasmas Strongly coupled plasmas Ion Beam Heating Jupiter SIS 18 solid state density Sun Surface Density [cm-3] Summary of Research Areas at the GSI Future Facility Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei - Radioactive Beams Nucleonic matter Nuclear astrophysics Fundamental symmetries Hadron Structure and Quark-Gluon Dynamics - Antiprotons Non-pertubative QCD Quark-gluon degrees of freedom Confinement and chiral symmetry Hypernuclear physics Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma - Relativistic HI - Beams Nuclear phase diagram Compressed nuclear/strange matter Deconfinement and chiral symmetry Physics of Dense Plasmas and Bulk Matter - Bunch Compression Properties of high density plasmas Phase transitions and equation of state Laser - ion interaction with and in plasmas Ultra High EM-Fields and Applications - Ions & Petawatt Laser QED and critical fields Ion - laser interaction Ion - matter interaction

  4. Production rate 2x107/sec • Pbeam = 1 - 15 GeV/c • Nstored= 5x1010 p • Internal Target _ HESR - High Energy Storage Ring High luminosity mode High resolution mode • Lumin. = 2 x 1032 cm-2 s-1 • dp/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling) • dp/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling) • Lumin. = 1031 cm-2 s-1

  5. Charmonium ( cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for extracting information on the quark confinement. Search for gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) in the charmonium mass range (3 – 5 GeV/c2). Search for modifications of meson properties in the nuclear medium, and their possible relationship to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry for light quarks. Precision g-ray spectroscopy of single and double hypernuclei for Extracting information on their structure and on the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interaction. PANDA Antiproton Physics Program Inverted DVCS to extract parton distributions. Proton form-factors at large Q2 up to 25 GeV2/c4. D-meson decay spectroscopy BR and decay dalitz plots CP-Violation in the D/Λsector.

  6. _ e+e-→ Y’ p p→ c1,2 → gc1,2 → gJ/y → ggJ/y → ge+e- → gge+e- CBall E835 100 cc1 1000 _ • pp reactions: CBall ev./2 MeV E 835 ev./pb ECM 3500 3510 3520 MeV _ Br(e+e-→y) ·Br(y→ ghc) = 2.5 10-5 pp → hc = 1.2 10-3 Br( ) Charmonium Physics • e+e- interactions: • - Only 1-- states are formed • Other states only by secondary • decays (moderate mass resolution) • All states directly formed • (very good mass resolution)

  7. -- -+ 1 1 2 10 c c q q c i (qq)(qq) t t Multiquarks o h x g i E l (qq) g Hybrids c i 1 t o x E Glueballs -2 10 0 2000 4000 MeV/ c 2 Exotic hadrons The QCD spectrum is much rich than that of the naive quark model also the gluons can act as hadron components The “exotic hadrons” fall in 3 general categories: In the cc meson spectrum the density of states is lower and therefore the overlap

  8. Exotic hadrons In the light meson region, about 10 states have been classified as “Exotics”. Almost all of them have been seen in pp...

  9. Charmonium Physics Charmonium spectrum, glueballs, spin-exotics cc-glue hybrids with experimental results Y(3943) enancement in J/Ψω mass spectrum both four quarks state and charm- hybrid hypotesis have been proposed X(3872) first seen by Belle then confirmed by others is hardly considered a cc state From G.S. Bali, Eur. Phys. J A 19 (2004) 1 B-factories are abundant sources of data on charmonium

  10. Charmed Hybrids • Flux tube-Model predicts H DD** (+c.c.) decays If mH<4290 MeV/c2→ GH < 50 MeV/c2 • Some exotics can decay neither to DD nor to DD*+c.c. • Small number of final states with small phase space r0=0.5fm • Gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states • LQCD: mH ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV ; JPC 1-+

  11. Mesons in nuclear matter One of the fundamental question of QCD is the generation of MASS The light meson masses are larger than the sum of the constituent quark masses! Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking seems to play a decisive role in the mass generation of light mesons. How can we check this?

  12. Proton-Proton Collisions Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions K- K- K+ K+ Hadrons in nuclear matter Since density increase in nuclear matter is possible a partial restoration of chiral symmetry • Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate • Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been observed • Deeply bound pionic atoms • Kaon-production environments f*p =0.78f p

  13. Mass modifications of mesons pionic atoms π- With p beam up to 15GeV/c these studies will be extended 25 MeV π π+ KAOS/FOPI K+ K 100 MeV K- HESR D in-medium free masses 103 D- D- 102 50 MeV D+ 10 s(nb) vacuum nuclear medium ρ = ρ0 1 pp→ D+D- 10-1 D+ 10-2 4 5 6 7 T (GeV) Mesons in nuclear matter • Sub-threshold enhancement for D and D • meson production • expected signal: • strong enhancement of the D-meson • cross section, relative D+ D- yields, • in thenear/sub-threshold region.

  14. thus resulting in a substantial increase of width of these states 3,74 vacuum 3,64 1r0 3,54 2r0 Idea • Study relative changes of yield and width of the charmonium state Y(3770). BR into l+l- (10-5 in free space) Mesons in nuclear matter GeV/c2 Mass The lowering of the DD thresh. • allow Y’,cc2 charmonium states to decay into this channel y(33S1) 4 y(13D1) 3.8 y(23S1) 3.6 cc2(13P2) • states above DD thresh. would • have larger width cc1(13P1) 3.4 cc1(13P0) 3.2 y(13S1) hc(11S0) 3 Predictions by Ye.S. Golubeva et al., Eur.Phys.J. A 17,(2003)275

  15. L0 quark-gluon string model (Kaidalov & Volkovitsky) S- _ X+ X- d s X- d u s s d d s s s s W- Double-Lambda Hypernuclei • Use pp Interaction to produce a hyperon “beam” (t~10-10 s) which is tagged by the antihyperon or its decay products

  16. X-capture: X-p  LL +28 MeV g Production of Double Hypernuclei 2. Slowing down and capture of X- in secondary target nucleus Kaons _ trigger X _ p 3 GeV/c X- X-(dss) p(uud) L(uds)L(uds) 1. Hyperon- antihyperon production at threshold L g L +28MeV 3. g-spectroscopy with Ge-detectors

  17. CP-violation (D/Λ – sector) • - D0D0 mixing • SM prediction < 10-8 • - compare angular decay • asymmetries for ΛΛ • SM prediction ~ 2·10-5 • Rare D-decays: • D+→ μ+ ν(BR 10-4) • D → μ+ μ- (BR 10-13) c m+ n d Cross section σ ≈ 2.5pb @ s ≈10 GeV2 L = 2·1032 cm-2 s-1→ 103 events per month W+ hep-ph/0112235 Other physics topics • Reversed Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and Drell-Yan • processes to study GPD

  18. Other physics topics • Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton in the • Time-Like Region from threshold up to 20 GeV2/c4 • Precise measurement of cross- • sections of esclusive final states • with different nuclear targets for • neutrino experiments

  19. QCD systems to be studied at PANDA

  20. General Purpose Detector • Detector requests: • nearly 4psolid angle(partial wave analysis) • high rate capability (2·107 annihilations/s) • good PID(g,e,m,p, K, p) • momentum resolution (~1%) • vertex info for D, K0S,L(ct= 317 mmfor D±) • efficient trigger(e,m, K, D,L) • modular design (Hypernuclei experiments)

  21. PANDA Detector (top view) target spectrometer forward spectrometer DIRC: Detecting InternallyReflectedCherenkov light straw tubetracker mini driftchambers muon counter Solenoidal magnet iron yoke micro vertexdetector electromagneticcalorimeter Length: ~2 m upstream, ~10 m downstream

  22. Summary • A new Hadron-Facility is underway in Europe: FAIR @ GSI • A wide experimetal physics program going from meson spectroscopy • to hypernuclear physics etc. will be accessible with the new GSI • antiproton beam • New and interesting results will come in many fields thanks to the • unprecedent characteristics of the beam and to the potentiality of the • PANDA general porpose detector

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