International Relations

1. International Relations Unit 15

2. Part One Reading Passages • China’s Independent Foreign Policy • Shanghai Accord

3. Discussion • What is the rationale for “an independent foreign policy of peace”? • Why is the ideology not a factor which determines China’s state-to-state policy? • How important are trade and business and technological cooperation to a country’s foreign policy?

4. A. China’s Independent Foreign Policy • Key points: • China consistently persists in the principle of independence and taking the initiatives in its own hands. • China opposes hegemonism and safeguard world peace. • China actively promotes the establishment of a just and rational new international political and economic order.

5. Passage B Shanghai Accord

6. Why is the ideology not a factor which determines China’s state-to-state policy? • China attaches great importance to improving and developing relations with the developed countries. • It stands for transcending differences in social systems and ideology in handling state to state relation. • It stands for showing mutual respect, seeking common ground while putting aside differences and expanding mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual respect through dialogue rather than confrontation.

7. How important are trade and business and techno-logical cooperation to a country’s foreign policy? • It is willing to engage in trade, economic and technological cooperation, and scientific and cultural exchanges with all countries on the basis of the principle of equality and mutual benefit as to promote common prosperity

8. Part II Useful Expressions in passages • 公认的国际关系准则 • Universally-recognized norms governing international relations • 独立自主的和平外交政策 • Independent foreign policy of peace • 事情本身的是非曲折 • Judging each case on its own merits • 互相尊重主权和领土完整 • Mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty • 互不侵犯, 互不干涉内政 • Mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs

9. Part II Useful Expressions in passages • 平等互利 • Equality and mutual benefit • <联合国宪章> the UN Charter • <全面禁止核试验条约> • Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty • <禁止化学武器公约> • Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons • <经济、社会与文化权利公约> • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

10. Part II Useful Expressions in passages • 国际人权文书 • International human rights instruments • 霸权主义和强权政治 • Hegemonism and power politics • 把强权视为主义 • If ‘might is right’ should prevail • 新‘炮舰政’策肆虐 • The new ‘gunboat policy’ wreaks havoc • 参不堪言之战祸 • The scourge of war which brings untold sorrow

11. Part II Useful Expressions in passages • 饱受外国侵略之苦 • Foreign aggression inflicts tremendous suffering on the people • 冷战思维 • The Cold-War mentality • 全面接触 • Comprehensive engagement • 遏制 Containment • 伙伴与对手 • Partners and adversaries • 缓和紧张局势 • Ease tensions

12. Part II Useful Expressions in passages • 主权平等 Sovereign equality • 建立/中断/断绝外交关系 • Establish/suspend/sever diplomatic relations • 正式拜访 courtesy call • 召见 summon 约见 appointment / interview • 磋商 have consultation on • 进行交涉 • Make a representation to • 递交国书 • Present credentials • 定期互访 • Have regular exchanges of visits

13. Part II Useful Expressions in passages • <上海共识> Shanghai Accord • 亚太经合组织的远景目标 The APEC Vision • 亚太经合组织经济体 APEC economies • OAA : Asaka Action Agenda 大阪行动议程 • 探路者方式/倡议 Pathfinder Approach/ initiatives • <茂物宣言> Bogor Declaration • 服务开放程度 • Status of liberalization of services • 关税和知识产权机制 • Tariff and intellectual property regimes

14. Part II Useful Expressions in passages • <数字APEC战略> e-APEC Strategy • 贸易便利化原则 • Trade Facilitation Principles • 单边行动计划 • Individual Action Plans (IAPs) • 同行审议机制 • Peer review process • 中期审评 • A mid-term stocktake • 经济技术合作 • Ecotech efforts

15. Passage Interpreting Chinese-English • 冷战结束后，世界走向多极化，国际形势总体趋向缓和。1）// 维护和平、谋求稳定、促进发展成为各国人民的共同心愿和呼声。但是，严峻的事实表明，天下仍很不太平。2）// 冷战思维依然存在，霸权主义和强权政治有了新的发展。3）// 因民族、宗教和领土等问题引发的局部冲突和争端此起彼伏。4）// 南北矛盾日益突出，贫富差距继续拉大。世界的和平问题远未解决，发展问题更加严重。5）//

16. C-E • 冷战结束后，世界走向多极化，国际形势总体趋向缓和 • Since the end of the Cold War, the world has been moving toward multipolarity and the overall international situation toward relaxation. • 维护和平、谋求稳定、促进发展成为各国人民的共同心愿和呼声。但是，严峻的事实表明，天下仍很不太平。 • The maintenance of peace, the pursuit for stability and the promotion of development have become the common aspirations and demands of the people in all countries. Nevertheless, the harsh reality suggests that the world is still not so peaceful.

17. C-E • 冷战思维依然存在，霸权主义和强权政治有了新的发展。 • The Cold War mentality still exists. Hegemonism and power politics have manifested themselves in new expressions. • 因民族、宗教和领土等问题引发的局部冲突和争端此起彼伏。 • Regional conflicts and disputes caused by ethnic, religious and territorial issues keep cropping up one after another.

18. C-E • 南北矛盾日益突出，贫富差距继续拉大。世界的和平问题远未解决，发展问题更加严重。 • The disparity between the North and the South has become ever more striking. The gap between the rich and the poor continues to grow. World peace issue is still far from being solved, and development problem is even more serious.

19. Sentence interpreting: C-E • 从本质上讲，人权问题属于一个国家的内部事务，应主要依靠各国政府的自身努力加以解决。 • The issue of human rights is, in essence, an internal affair of a country, and should be addressed mainly by the government of that country through its own efforts. • 要真正实现和平与发展，建立公正合理的国际新秩序，联合国的作用不可或缺。 • The role of the UN is indispensable to the achievement of genuine peace and development and to the establishment of a just and reasonable new international order.

20. Sentence interpreting: C-E • 加强联合国的作用，符合历史潮流，符合时代的需要，符合世界各国人民的共同愿望。 • To strengthen the UN’s role goes with the historical trend, meets the needs of times, and conforms to the shared aspiration of all people in the world. • 面对国际风云变幻，中国政府将坚定不移地坚持以经济建设为中心。 • In the face of the international vicissitudes, the Chinese government will steadfastly take economic development as its central task.

21. Sentence interpreting: C-E • 中国政府和人民将，一如既往，坚定地维护我国的主权和领土完整，不断推进祖国统一大业。 • The Chinese government and people will, as always, resolutely safeguard China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and continue to advance the great cause of reunification of our motherland. • 世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。 • There is only one China in the world, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of Chinese territory. • 我们坚决反对制造‘台湾独立’、‘两个中国’、‘一中一台’的企图。 • We are firmly opposed to any attempt to create ‘Taiwan independence’, ‘two Chinas’, or ‘one China, one Taiwan’.

22. Passage interpreting: E-C • Preparation • Embody 体现 • Three communiques 三个公报 • Reaffirm 重申 • One-China policy 一个中国政策 • Defensive purpose 防御目的 • On a short notice 在短时期内 • Security partnership 安全伙伴关系 • Please Interpret

23. Sentence interpreting: C-E 15-9 • 总统先生，您带着友好的微笑，踏上了中国的领土，来到了北大的校园，我们都感到非常激动和荣幸。 • Mr. President, with a friendly smile, you have set foot on the soil of china for the first time and come to campus of Beida. We are excited and honored by your presence. • 中国人民非常渴望友谊，尤其渴望建立在平等基础上的中美友谊。 • The Chinese people aspire for friendship, esp. friendship between China and the US on an equal footing. • …Continue to listen to Ex.15-10 and try to interpret.

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