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2014

OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE. Výukový materiál EK 0 1 - 0 4 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR.

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2014

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  1. OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE Výukový materiál EK 01 - 04 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

  2. current vegetation or community in our country is created by: • set of forest and non-forest communities • communities have been formed since the end of ice age • direct and indirect influence of humans COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  3. our landscape underwent significant transformations in two periods: • a) in neolitic time > first peasants cut down forests and established pastures and fields • in our country about 7000 years ago • b) in Middle Ages> colonized foothills and mountain regions COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  4. forest communities: • alder forests • on wet locations • in highlands • alder, sedge, yellow flag • floodplain forests • caused by periodic floods • willow, poplar, oak, ash, lime, elm COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  5. thermophilic oak forests • common in highlands • the warmest regions of Bohemia and Moravia • sessile oak, maple, barberry, hawthorn, cranesbill • oak-hornbeam forests: • connected to warmer highlands • English oak, hornbeam, hazelnut, bird-seed, chickweed COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  6. acid oak forests • in highlands • on acid rocks – granite, gneiss • poor brown soils • dominant is sessile oak • field woodrush, fescue grass COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  7. forest communities: • beech forests • foothill and mountain grade • beech, fir, maple, sweet woodruff • scree forests • they occur on steep stony slopes • supply of nitric substances and the water • Norway maple • important function of the soil protection COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  8. montain spruce forests • in higher mountain locations • positively spruce • rowanberry, whorled Solomon's-seal, deer fern • upper forest border runs here • pine scrub dominates above it • after pollutants spruce replaced by plants of the foreign origin COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  9. non-forest communities: • community of waters and wetlands: • communities poor in the number of species • decisive factors > water depth and its oscilation, • content of nutrients and oxygen • reeds • community of peatbogs • foothills and mountain areas • on acid soil • peat moss > decomposition > peat • sundew • Šumava mountains, Giant mountains, Ore mountains, Jeseníky mountains COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  10. community of meadows and pastures • substitutional forest community • caused by certain social impact • > mowing, grazing, fertilization, sowing up • creeping thistle, false oats grass, marigold, horsetail • xerotherm grass community • warm and dry habitats • sunny slopes • meadow brome, feather grass COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

  11. EXAMPLES OF PLANTS IN OUR LANDSCAPE Typical species of beech forests – coralroot bittercress (Dentaria bulbifera); Simplestem bur-reed (Sparganium erectum – common species of back waters; Important species of thermophilic oak forests: Gas plant (Dictalmus albus), Swallow wort (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria)

  12. WORKSHEET RECOGNIZE PLANTS AND ALLOCATE INTO COMMUNITIES

  13. KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716-8947-5. SOURCES

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