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SIPRI

SIPRI. SIPRI. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Siemon Wezeman. OAS and Confidence Building Measures: Learning from the rest. What is a CBM?. Measure to diminish mistrust and misunderstanding/worst case scenario thinking Measure to promote understanding and acceptance

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SIPRI

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  1. SIPRI

  2. SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Siemon Wezeman

  3. OAS and Confidence Building Measures: Learning from the rest Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  4. What is a CBM? • Measure to diminish mistrust and misunderstanding/worst case scenario thinking • Measure to promote understanding and acceptance • Measure to promote friendship and cooperation • ALL IN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY RELATIONS • It is not something to address agreed problems like narco-traffic, organized crime or terrorists Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  5. European CBM/CSBM • ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community (1952-2002) • Pooling European coal and steel production and establishing a free market for it • Strategic/military capacity scope - not directly on military expenditures or weapons Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  6. European CBM/CSBM • EEC - European Economic Community (1957) • Changed to European Union (1992) • Broad strategic/military capacity scope - not directly on military expenditure, weapons or defence policy (excluded in 1957 and 1992 treaties) • Establishing integrated European economy Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  7. European CBM/CSBM • NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) • Co-operative defence • Became more CSBM with re-armament of Germany (1955 - after failure of European Defence Community) • Common military expenditure definition • Transparency: Public data on military expenditure Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  8. European CBM/CSBM • CSCE - Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (1975) • Changed to OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (1995) • Transparency: exchange of information on arms acquisition plans, acquisitions, holdings and disposition of forces • Government-to-government Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  9. European CBM/CSBM • Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe - CFE (1989) • Changed to Adapted CFE Treaty (1999) • Result of serious Cold War tension of early-1980s • Reduction of armaments • Transparency: Government-to-government reports on holdings, verification Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  10. European CBM/CSBM • Normal democratic behaviour • Public and/or semi-public data on military expenditure, arms acquisitions, military doctrine and military/foreign policy • Public discussion on the above in Parliament • Strong involvement of and strong government and public support for NGO/think tanks analyzing the above Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  11. European CBM/CSBM • Outreach to other regions • Share experiences • Support CBM/CSBM actively • Workshops on UNROCA • Financial support for ECOWAS Moratorium • Financial support for non-European NGOs and participation of non-Europeans in European NGO work Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  12. Asian CBM/CSBM • ASEAN-ARF - Association of South-East Asian Nations Regional Forum • Publications of defence policy in ‘Defence White Paper’ • Code of Conduct in South China Sea • Cooperative anti-piracy patrols Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  13. African CBM/CSBM • AU - African Union • Permanent African peacekeeping units made up from units from several African countries • ECOWAS • Moratorium on arms acquisitions Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  14. Middle Eastern CBM/CSBM • ? • At best the Arab League and Gulf Cooperation Council • Some ‘track 2’ efforts Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  15. Lessons to learn • Integration of regions • Economic/cultural • Military Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  16. Lessons to learn • Importance of Transparency for democratic rule • Improves general quality of democracy • Possibly reduces waste (by allowing more informed decisions on spending) • Improves internal relations • Improves insight and trust by neighbours Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  17. Lessons to learn • Provision of data is not enough - Analysis has to be done and to be possible • Data available to public or neutral analysts • Freedom of speech - analysts have to be allowed to say whatever they think • Support for independent analysis - NGO/think tanks Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  18. Lessons to learn • CBM/CSBM mechanisms and Transparency are means NOT a goals • CBM/CSBM mechanisms and Transparency need to be useful • CBM/CSBM obligations have to be doable • Streamline/coordinate measures • Support for less capable members Presentation for OAS meeting 30 Nov. 2006

  19. SIPRI Siemon Wezeman Senior Researcher/Project Leader Arms Transfers Project +46-08-6559739 or +46-08-6559700 swezeman@sipri.org

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