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Swine Reproduction

Swine Reproduction. Breeding herds. Replacement gilts Sows Boars. The boar’s function in reproduction:. 1. Produce spermatozoa 2. Introduce sperm into the female reproductive tract at the proper time. • Testes • Epididymus • Vas deferens most fluid in ejaculate

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Swine Reproduction

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  1. Swine Reproduction

  2. Breeding herds Replacement gilts Sows Boars

  3. The boar’s function inreproduction: 1. Produce spermatozoa 2. Introduce sperm into the female reproductive tract at the proper time

  4. • Testes • Epididymus • Vas deferens most fluid in ejaculate • Vesicular glands • Bulbourethral gland gel portion of ejaculate • Urethra • Penis Reproductive Organs ofthe Boar

  5. Boar’sReproductive Tract

  6. Boars Boars influence conception rate and litter size, and contribute one-half of the genetic makeup of their daughters. Boars lacking fertility or sex drive should be culled as soon as possible. For optimal breeding performance, mature boars should not be used for natural service more than twice daily; young boars should be used less often (2-3/week) The breeding system used should produce the best results in reproductive performance for the particular physical facilities and management program.

  7. Boars • Boars should be provided the best environment possible to enhance their breeding performance. • Thermal stress should be prevented. • Boars should be exposed to females as much as possible to stimulate male mating behavior. (20:1) • Slippery floors should be avoided in the breeding area. • Breeding records should be maintained to determine the reproductive performance of boars.

  8. An ejaculate consists of the followingthree phases: The spermatogenic cycle in the boar is 35 days, with 10 days for epididymal transport. Thus 45 days are required from the start of production to ejaculation of sperm 1. The first, or pre-sperm phase, which lasts 1 to 5 minutes, consists of a watery fluid in which there are tapioca-like pellets but no sperm, and comprises 5 to 20% of the ejaculate. 2. The sperm containing phase, which lasts 2 to 5 minutes, consists of a whitish, uniform fluid which contains the sperm, and comprises 30 to 50% of the ejaculate. 3. The last phase, which lasts 3 to 8 minutes contains very few sperm, helps form a gelatinous plug in the cervix of the sow, and comprises 40 to 60% of the total volume.

  9. fertility as measured by farrowing rates and litter size, gradually decreases as the prevalence of proximal (near the head) droplets increase

  10. Semen Evaluation: • Motility • Concentration • Volume Target: • Motility: 60% or better • Concentration & Volume: Determine number of inseminations (3-5 billion)

  11. The Sow’s Function inReproduction: 1. To produce ova 2. To nourish the developing ova 3. To produce piglets 4. To produce milk

  12. Reproductive Organs ofthe Sow 1. Ovaries 2. Oviducts 3. Uterus 4. Cervix 5. Vagina 6. Vulva

  13. Sow’sReproductive Tract www.ansc.purdue.edu/swine/porkpage/repro/sow2.htm

  14. Puberty and breeding maturity • Puberty: 5-7 months (hybrids perform better) • Breeding: approx. 7 months • Polyoestrous (temperature stress!) • Length of oestrous cycle 21 days • Duration of oestrus 2-3 days • Ovulation during the last day of oestrus (back pressure test) • PGF2A-sensitivity only after day 12

  15. Breeding facts

  16. Temperature effects on female Heat important when affects body temperature - Sources, both body and environment Effect oocyte cause polyploidy Prior to breeding is greatest loss of fertility Cause early embryonic mortality Especially within the first 7 days past breeding Late pregnant sow: Heat stress last week of gestation will greatly increase number of stillborn piglets Intensity of estrus may be reduced One mechanism, stress causes high glucocorticoids which inhibit LH release. Direct effects of heat on gametes is greatest effect! Low temperatures - Reduce intensity of estrus

  17. Species variation in estrous cyclecharacteristics

  18. Gilt exposure to a mature boar

  19. Aspects off the vulva,, sexualbehavior and fertility

  20. Physical signs to consider for mating 2nd mating or AI ‘s are necessary in animals with positive back pressure test 24 h after mating

  21. Gilt standing for "back pressure" test

  22. Gilt "in heat", immobile • Gilt with swollen vulva, secondary sign of estrus Gilt with swollen vulva, secondary sign of estrus

  23. Breeding • The hypothalamus located at the base of the brain secretes gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) >>>>> regulates the anterior pituitary gland>>>>> FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) & LH (Luteinizing Hormone) into the blood which stimulates >>>>>>> ovarian hormones: estrogen and progesterone >>>>> which in turn regulate the reproductive process. • Oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary gland.

  24. A.I.

  25. References Sow gestation period??? http://www.thepigsite.com/video/single/41/ http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an051 http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/html_pubs/pigs/pigs.htm http://www.ncsu.edu/project/swine_extension/publications/factsheets/812s.htm http://www.ansc.purdue.edu/swine/porkpage/repro/physiol/reppaper.htm

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