Download
1 / 49
490 likes | 493 Vues
Explore the impact of common law on medieval society and the role of Robin Hood legends in reflecting this influence. Discuss the administration of common law, its beneficiaries, and how it increased the king's prestige. Discover the literary form of the earliest Robin Hood legends and their morals. Delve into the timeline of Magna Carta and the significance of King John's accession to the throne.
E N D
Juries of presentment were provided evidence for judges to make a ruling
Discuss Common Law & Robin Hood • Which class of society was most involved in the administration of common law? • Who were the most likely beneficiaries? • How did Common Law increase the king’s prestige? • How did the Robin Hood legends reflect this increased prestige?
What is the literary form of the earliest written Robin Hood legends? • French Metrical Romance • Middle English Ballads • French Epic Poems • Latin Verse, iambic pentameter
When were the vast majority of Robin Hood legends composed? • 1200s • 1300s • 1400s • 1500s and later
What was the most famous and influential of the earliest written RH ballads? • Robin Hode & the Knight • Robin Hode, Little John and the Sheriff • Robin Hode & the King • Little Geste of Robin Hode
Discuss Robin Hood • What does Keen say about the form or genre of the Robin Hood ballads and their audience? • What are the features of ballads? • Why did Keen focus so much on the Littel Geste of Robyn Hode and his Meiny? • What does Robin’s interaction with Sir Richard atte Lee suggest about the nature of the ballads’ audience?
Discuss Robin Hood • What are the morals of these stories? What values did they convey? • How did the story of Sir Richard differ from the story of the Abbot? • How did the story portray the king? Which king was involved? What was Robin’s relation to him? • What did the king have in common with an outlaw?
Timeline for Magna Carta • 1199 Richard I dies and John seizes the throne • 1204 John loses most territories on mainland in dispute with Arthur & Philip of France • 1205 Hubert Walter dies as AB of Canterbury & Chancellor; John refuses to accept pope’s appointment of Stephen Langton • 1207 England placed under Interdict • 1209 John excommunicated • 1212 John escapes plot by barons to assassinate him
Timeline for Magna Carta • 1213 John surrenders England to pope; excommunication lifted • 1214 John loses Battle of Bounvines • 1215 John says he is going on crusade but barons revolt anyway; Magna Carta signed in June • 1216 John dies
Plantagenet Coat of ArmsJohn’s accession to the throne was a break in dynastic succession
King John(r. 1199-1126)antagonized his powerful subjects including barons, the Church and London merchants.
In 1205, Hubert Walter Archbishop of Canterbury died "Hubertwalterstatuecanterburycathedraloutside" by Ealdgyth - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hubertwalterstatuecanterburycathedraloutside.jpg#/media/File:Hubertwalterstatuecanterburycathedraloutside.jpg
Hubert Walter was the nephew of Ranulph Glanvill and may have written the legal treatise knows as Glanvill.
Pope Innocent IIILawyer Pope 1198-1216excommunicated John in 1209
1. In the first place we have granted to God, and by this our present charter confirmed for us and our heirs for ever that the English church shall be free, and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties inviolate; and we will that it be thus observed; which is apparent from this that the freedom of elections, which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English church, we,of our pure and unconstrained will, did grant, and did by our charter confirm and did obtain the ratification of the same from our lord, Pope Innocent III., before the quarrel arose between us and our barons
Henry I Coronation Charter 1. Know that by the mercy of god, and by the common counsel of the barons of the whole kingdom of England, I have been crowned king of the same kingdom. And since the kingdom had been oppressed by unjust exactions, I, through fear of God and through the love that I have for you all, in the first place make the Holy Church of God free, so that I will neither sell nor put at farm nor, on the death of an archbishop, bishop, or abbot, take anything from the demesne of a church, or from its men, until a successor enters upon it. And I henceforth remove all the bad customs through which the kingdom of England has been unjustly oppressed; which bad customs I here in part set down.
Magna Carta The Magna Carta, British Library, London King John, Worchester Cathedral
2. If any of our earls or barons, or others holding of us in chief by military service shall have died, and at the time of his death his heir shall be of full age and owe "relief" he shall have his inheritance on payment of the ancient relief, namely the heir or heirs of an earl, 100 pounds for a whole earl's barony; the heir or heirs of a baron, 100 pounds for a whole barony; the heiror heirs of a knight, 100 shillings at most for a whole knight's fee; and whoever owes less let him give less, according to the ancient custom of fiefs.
Henry I Coronation Charter 2. If any one of my barons, earls, or other men who hold of me dies, his heir shall not redeem his land as he did in the time of my brother, but he shall relieve it by a just and legitimate relief. In the same way, furthermore, the men of my barons shall relieve their lands from their lords by just and legitimate reliefs.
3. If, however, the heir of any of the aforesaid has been under age and in wardship, let him have his inheritance without relief and without fine when he comes of age.
7. A widow, after the death of her husband, shall forthwith and without difficulty have her marriage portion and inheritance; nor shall she give anything for her dower, or for her marriage portion, or for the inheritance which her husband and she held on the day of the death of that husband; and she may remain in the house of her husband for forty days after his death, within which time her dower shall be assigned to her. 8. No widow shall be compelled to marry, so long as she prefers to live without a husband; provided always that she gives security not to marry without our consent, if she holds of us, or without the consent of the lord of whom she holds, if she holds of another.
12. No scutage nor aid shall be imposed on our kingdom, unless by common counsel of our kingdom, except for ransoming our person, for making our eldest son a knight, and for once marrying our eldest daughter; and for these there shall not be levied more than a reasonable aid. In like manner it shall be done concerning aids from the city of London.
39. No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in anyway destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
61. …And if we shall not have corrected the transgression (or, in the event of our being out of the realm, if our justiciar shall not have corrected it) within forty days, reckoning from the time it has been intimated to us (or to our justiciar, if we should be out of the realm), the four barons aforesaid shall refer that matter to the rest of the five-and-twenty barons, and those five-and-twenty baronsshall, together with the community of the whole land, distrain and distress us in all possible ways, namely, by seizing our castles, lands, possessions, and in any other way they can, until redress has been obtained as they deem fit, saving harmless our own person, and the persons of our queen and children; and when redress has been obtained, they shall resume their old relations toward us.
Simon de Montfort 6th earl of Leicester1208-1265created the Provisions of Oxford (1258), which became a blueprint for parliament
Edward I:The kings of England had to pay homage to the French crown, such as Philip IV, for control of Gasconyc. 1271
Edward I’s Expensive Welsh Campaigns1270s-1290sCastlesNorth & South Wales
Warfare over English Continental Possessions encouraged Edward III to call Parliament frequently
Henry IV1399-1413In 1407 concedes that grants of taxation must begin in Commons
11. And if any one die indebted to the Jews, his wife shall have her dower and pay nothing of that debt; and if any children of the deceased are left underage, necessaries shall be provided for them in keeping with the holding of the deceased; and out of the residue the debt shall be paid, reserving, however, service due to feudal lords; in like manner let it be done touching debts due to others than Jews.
48. All evil customs connected with forests and warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their officers, river-banks and their wardens, shall immediately be inquired into in each county by twelve sworn knights of the samec ounty chosen by the honest men of the same county, and shall, within forty days of the said inquest, be utterly abolished, so as never to be restored, provided always that we previously have intimation thereof, or our justiciar, if we should not be in England.
51. As soon as peace is restored, we will banish from the kingdom all foreign-born knights, cross-bowmen, sergeants, and mercenary soldiers, who have come with horses and arms to the kingdom's hurt.
