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Following the Traces of OADymPPaC: From Tools for Dynamic Analysis to Epistemological Consequences

Explore the path initiated by the OADymPPaC project, which aimed to develop tools for dynamic analysis and debugging of constraint programs. Discover the challenges encountered and the potential for extending this approach to other domains.

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Following the Traces of OADymPPaC: From Tools for Dynamic Analysis to Epistemological Consequences

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  1. Following the traces of OADymPPac … Pierre DeransartCR INRIA-Paris-Rocquencourt The OADymPPaC project (Tools for Dynamic Analysis and Debugging of Constraint Programs), whose COSYTEC was a partner, officially ended in 2004. One of the objective was generic trace definition. Focused by short delays on tracer prototypes realisation and trace analysis, the project did not go deep in the problem of trace creation and management. We invite you here to follow the path initiated by OADymPPaC, until some epistemological ultimate consequences. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  2. Key figures A workforce of 3,700 Jan. 2007 • 2,900 scientists • 1,000 doctoral candidates • 450 post-docs • 300 R&D engineers • 1,500 budgetary positions • 570 research scientists • 740 ETA • 300 interns 8 Research Centres (2008) Budget: 162 M€ (tax not incl.) including20% from contracts, software licenses, etc. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  3. Location INRIA Lille Nord Europe Metz Lannion INRIA Paris Rocquencourt INRIA Nancy Grand Est Strasbourg INRIA Rennes Bretagne Atlantique INRIA Saclay Île-de-France Besançon Nantes Lyon INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes Headquarters INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest Research Centre External research project-team Marseille Montpellier INRIA Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée Pau Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  4. The Research Centres Lille - Nord Europe Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique Nancy - Grand Est Paris - Rocquencourt Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes Saclay - Île-de-France Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  5. Try to remember…. 1999 « Sur la route de Rocquencourt » par Pissaro … 2004 2004, so long time ago…. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  6. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  7. CONTEXT, HISTORY • From DiSCiPl to OADymPPaC • DiSCiPl (1997-2000): to improve debogage of constraint solvers: resulted in prototypes which remained « ad-hoc » ones for correctness and performance analysis. This project has shown the usefulness of semi-automated approaches based on trace analysis by visualization tools. • Book: P. Deransart and M. Hermenegildo and J. Maluszynski, Analysis and Visualization Tools for Constraint Programming, LNCS1870, 2000 • OADymPPaC (2001-2004) URL: http://contraintes.inria.fr/OADymPPaC participants: A. Aggoun, T. Baudel, P. Deransart, M. Ducassé, F.Fages, J.D. Fekete, N. Jussien, C. de Sainte-Marie, … • Challenges : • Interoperability of the tools : complete separation betweentrace production and trace analysis, studied and realized by different specialists • scaling: possibilité possibility to consider thausends of variables and constraints using specialized HMI The project resulted in prototypes et products, but limited to the constraint resolution domain. Several problems have been identified. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  8. PROBLEMSCan such approach be extended to other domains? • Trace interpretation: to give a meaning to a trace, reconstruction models (trace analysis, interpretative semantics IS). • Sémantics of the traces of a given family of processes (trace generation model, observational semantics OS). • Data stream managment between the observed and observing processes: trace filtering, tracer driver, workload balance, interactions, properties of the stream (efficiency, invariance of the semantics, faithfulness) • Relationships with other research and application domains: event-condition-action models, data stream analysis, cognitive sciences Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  9. The two traces of a process(Full Traces) • Virtual Trace TV = <S0,et*> SO • Actual Trace TA = <S0,wt*> SI Notion of FAITHFULNESS: TV E: extraction I: interpretation (reconstruction) E ° I = I ° E = i Process E I TA Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  10. Small example (extract of Prolog trace) chrono nu(u) lp(u) port pd(u) Reached virtual state 1 1 1 Call goal S2 2 2 2 Call p(X) S3 3 2 2 Exit p(a) S4 4 3 2 Call eq(a,b) S5 5 3 2 Fail eq(a,b) S6 6 2 2 Redo p(a) S7 7 2 2 Exit p(b) S8 8 4 2 Call eq(b,b) S9 9 4 2 Exit eq(b,b) S10 10 1 1 Exit goal S11 • goal:-p(X),eq(X,b). • p(a). • p(b). • eq(X,X). Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  11. But if the trace is smaller …? nu(u) port 1 Call 2 Call 2 Exit 3 Call 3 Fail 2 Redo 2 Exit 4 Call 4 Exit 1 Exit What can we see ? Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  12. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  13. PLAN: domains and “challenges” • Tracer development for dynamic analysis of programs • Modelling and abstraction • Data mining et data stream filtering, ECA models and WEB semantics • Analysis of human behaviour • Brain, memory prothesis • Epistemology Idea: traces are everywhere, investigating on traces, is investigating on ideas too Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  14. Everywhere ? Gérard Berry 2007 http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/ger_ber/index.htm Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  15. 1- Tracer Construction for dynamic analysis of programs • Incremental development of tracer (full trace) • Trace filtering and query (language for trace events selection), Tracer Driver • Interactions (server tracer / clients analysers) • Optimization of the communication (with faithfulness) • MDA Approach «trace  componants» (enrichment, fusion, abstraction, selection) • Genericity Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  16. C4RBCP TV And querying TRslamV Rollerslam TchromeV CHROME TCHRV CHRor Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  17. Grand Challenge 1: conception et manipulation of traces (« traces algebra») • Enrichment • Selection • Fusion • Abstraction • Genericity Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  18. 2-Modelling and abstraction Full Trace Intricated abstractions levels Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  19. Modelling and abstraction (genericity) Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  20. Grand Challenge 2: models of trace production (SO) • Abstract interpretation give a possible theoretical framework for the OS • possible use of « Fluent calculus » • Tracer implementation, simulations and verifications are possible for a domain of processes (« model checking », Clarke, Emerson, Sifakis, Turing 2007) Theoretical trace Analysis (relationships with trace theory, The Book of Traces, 1995), Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  21. 3-Data mining and interogation of data stream, semantic WEB, ECA Models • ADSL traffic Looking for a meaning… Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  22. Data mining as trace analysis • Using data stream analysis algorithms in order to recognize objects (optimized traces) • Selection of suspicious portions of programs (Zaidman & al, 2005) • « model checking » for intrusion detection (Garavel & al. 2004) on execution traces • Symmetries discovery • (OADymPPaC) Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  23. Data stream analysis with unknown origin • Massive flow analysis (probabilistic algorithms, Rabin 1980) • Query langages of data flows (Arasu, 2002) • Interactions between observer/observed and between traces (ECA models and WEB semantics, Alferes et al. 2004) Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  24. Grand Challenge 3: to interpret traces (IS) • Using data stream analysis algorithms to recognize objects in the trace (identification of observables) • Trace query language : efficient filtering • To trace knowledge use and management Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  25. 4-Human behaviour Analysis Go around the limits af automation • To trust the data • Formalisation of contexts (data fusion), traces of contexts and human behaviour • Construction of scenarios from traces • Till were can we or shall we go? Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  26. Trusting data (access to the knowledge) • Knowledge base = rule system = computations • Using it require more than just computations: seeking, identifying, reasoning (without predefined strategy) • Example: problem internet sites guarantees (ex law of 13 août 2004 on “ la certification des sites internet dédiés à la santé” (Haute Autorité à la Santé)) • HON code (Health On the Net): ex • Qualification of writers • Justification of affirmations • Clear distinction between edited contents and advertisement • Transparency of founding • Personal data protection, keeping traces on consultations or updates • … Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  27. Construction od a virtual world (Lyon1/INRETS) TRACES Virtual Trace Actual Trace Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  28. An “Infernal” Example Le Monde de l'Intellligence, num 11 janv-fev-mars 08 Sudoku infernal p 60 (par Bernard Gervais) Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  29. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  30. Experimentation • To build and compare traces of the player’s behaviour and of the automaton • D’analyser le comportement du joueur • D’identifier la règle utilisée par le joueur • De mesurer la satisfaction du joueur • De comparer avec la résolution automatique • D’identifier les points de réelle difficulté du joueur • De corréler de la difficulté pour le joueur et la difficulté théorique Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  31. Grand Challenge 4: • Analyze of a knowledge domain • Construction of scenarios • Limits of the formalization (beginning of the “human” work) The ability to build “good” traces Is mandatory in order to perform “good” analysis Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  32. 5-Brain: a world of fusions Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  33. Actual Trace Twt= <(S0,)wt*> • Unbounded sequence of trace events wt • wt : (t, At) • t : chrono: time of the trace • At: set of attributes values Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  34. La mémoire • Personal Memory Project: Memex (Vannevar Bush, 1945) • Accumulation of trace events (multimedia) • ------------------------------- • Mechanisms of the human memory: • Axes (Chapoutier, 2006): • Sensations • Temporal (work, episodic / reference, sustainable) • Abstract (procedural memory and implicit memory ) • each memory has its recall mode (implicit, inconscient / explicit, conscient) Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  35. Gand Challenge 5: personal memory artefact • Axes: digitalization/numerisation (sensorial), remanent and support (temporal line), conscient recall(abstract) • Towards a memory protese? • “base of stances” (Kiss, Quinqueton 2004) • Mechanisms for deduction and for recell (LISFS, logical information system, Padiolo, Sogonneau, Ridoux 2004) • mechanisms for data organization (ontology's) et to forget • Personal memory organization system Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  36. 6- Epistemology as theory of knowledges • Discretization-spatialisation/numerisation/manipulation • Big steps: • 20 centuries after beginning of néolitic: first numerations (astro) • 12th century BC alphabetic system (“grammatization”) • The printing allows the writing to invade society • 17th century, the machine tool is the reproduction of discretized gesture • 1834 discretization sounds and images • Economy of immaterial (management of knowledges) • Information processing plays a dominant role in all spheres of activity (industry or research) and is based on an uninterrupted accumulation of traces …. Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  37. Grand Challenge 6: society viewed as a system of interacting traces • http://www.inria.fr/40ans/forum/video.fr.php • Le réseau numérique, à l'origine d'un nouveau modèle industriel Conférence de Bernard Stiegler • Les nouvelles technologies : révolution culturelle et cognitive Conférence de Michel Serres • etc… Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

  38. Following the traces of …. Jusqu’où ne risque-t-on pas d’aller trop loin? L’homme réinventé? Thank you! Chip User's Club, Paris 16/10/2008

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