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Understanding Police Recruitment in America: Qualifications, Diversity, and Training

This chapter explores the essential qualifications and motivations for individuals entering law enforcement in the U.S. Police officers usually require to be at least 21 years old, have a high school diploma, and pass various screenings, including background and psychological checks. It addresses the importance of diversity in policing, focusing on the recruitment of racial and ethnic minorities, women, and LGBTQ+ individuals. Training and certification processes, including academy and field training, are also examined, highlighting the significance of equal opportunity in building effective police forces.

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Understanding Police Recruitment in America: Qualifications, Diversity, and Training

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  1. Police in America Chapter Twelve Police officers: Entering Police Work

  2. Recruitment • Minimum qualifications • Most 21 years of age • Height and Weight • Proportional • Education • Vast majority-high school diploma • 25% require some college • Criminal record • No felony • Misdemeanor? • Residency • About ¼ of departments require living within the city limits

  3. Motivations Help people Job security Fight crime Excitement of the job Prestige of the job Selection Personal interview Criminal record check Background investigation Driving record check Medical exam Psychological screen Drug Test Written aptitude test Physical agility test Polygraph exam Voice stress analyzer Choosing law enforcement as a career

  4. Equal opportunity • Title VII of the Civil Rights Act • Race, color, religion, sex, or national origin • Protected class • Job related qualifications • B.F.O.Q. • Drive • A.D.A.

  5. Employment of Racial and Ethnic Minorities Reflect the composition of the community it serves Hispanic and Latino officers Fastest growing population Spanish speaking officers recruited Women More seriously underrepresented than racial or ethnic minorities Concentrated in lower ranks Gay and Lesbian officers Increasingly open over the last 20 years Equal opportunity

  6. Equal opportunity • Affirmative action • Conduct a census of current employees • Identify underutilization or concentration of minorities and women • Develop a recruiting plan to correct any underutilization • Opponents of affirmative action • Reverse discrimination

  7. Training • Police Academy • Big departments have own academy • Small departments use state run academies • Field training • FTO program • 2/3 of departments use this process

  8. Training • State training and certification • Certify and decertify • State-required content of training • Probationary period • 6 months to 2 years • 7% resign or quit during this time

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