1 / 13

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. Prepared by: PCBs - Group. Our Website. CONTENT. What are PCBs? How PCBs get into living organism? Health impacts Ecological impact Policy, regulations for management. Treatment Technologies. PCBs - Group. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.

jimbo
Télécharger la présentation

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS Prepared by: PCBs - Group Our Website

  2. CONTENT • What are PCBs? • How PCBs get into living organism? • Health impacts • Ecological impact • Policy, regulations for management. • Treatment Technologies PCBs - Group

  3. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS • A chemical with high dielectric constant, chemically inert except under extreme conditions. • PCBs are available under several trade names such as Clophen, Arocler, Kanechlor, Santotherm, Phenoclor and Pyralene. • USED as: • coolants ( in transformers and capacitors); • insulating materials; • hydraulics; • heat transfer fluids; • Lubricants. PCBs - Group

  4. HOW PCBS GET INTO LIVING ORGANISMS ? Three major pathways: • Accidental : ( Yusho, Yucheng and Belgian incidents ); • Occupational; • Environmental. PCBs - Group

  5. HEALTH IMPACTS • Cancer • Non-cancer effects: • Endocrine toxicant • Gastrointestinal or liver toxicant • Immunotoxicant • Neurotoxicant • Reproductive toxicant • Respiratory toxicant • Skin or sense organ toxicant PCBs - Group

  6. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS PCBs - Group

  7. POLICY, REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT • Reduce or elimination at the source: • Ban Producing, distribution in commerce: Japan in 1972, United State 1977, Canada 1980, UK 1977 (mainly in developed countries)… • Substitute PCBs by other substances: mineral oil, diphenylmethanes; diisopropylnaphthalene; and phenylxylyl ethane… • Stockholm Convention (mainly applied for developing countries) • Enter into force on 17 May 2004 • Eliminate the use of PCBs in equipments by 2025 • Basel Convention on Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal PCBs - Group

  8. POLICY, REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT • Proper storage: • All equipment containing PCBs in a concentration exceeding 50 ppm should be clearly labelled as these figures. • Storage facilities must meet the regulations relating to health, safety and environment • Occupational Health and Safety: Handling PCB fluids, or potential for close contact with PCBs exists: Proper clothing; Eye protection; Chemical safety goggles; Boots or overshoes… • Standards for PCB-Contaminated Products or Wastes: Hazardous waste; Water; Food; Workplace. PCBs - Group

  9. High temperature 1000oC- 1600 oC + O2 CO2 + H2O +HCl TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Thermal treatment: • Incineration: Destruction of PCBs at high temperature: 1000oC- 1600oC • Advantage: Destruction and removal efficiency must be equivalent to 99.9999% with 1.5-sec residence time at 1200oC and 3% of excess oxygen in stack. • Disadvantages: Form dioxins and furans • Kinds of incinerator: Rotary kilns, combustion chambers equipped with an afterburner and an air pollution control system • Costs: $200 per ton for a mobile incinerator to as high as $2,300 for fixed incineration of PCBs PCBs - Group

  10. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Thermal treatment: • Thermal Desorption Thermal Blankets and Wells: Reduce the PCBs concentration in soil from 2200ppm to less than 2ppm • Contaminants are vaporized by heating the soil with the blanket. • Drawn out of the soil and through the blanket by a vacuum system. • Vapors are destroyed in the extremely hot soil near the heat source. • Remaining vapors are cleaned in thermal oxidizer (The flameless thermal oxidizer is 1000oC) and activated carbon filters. • Costs: Range between $90 to $380 per ton PCBs - Group

  11. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Non-Thermal treatment: • Biological Method: If concentration of PCB < 100ppm apply directly this method, If concentration >100ppm, pre treatment is required • UV irradiation Reduce PCBs < 100ppm • Comamonas testosteroni (microorganism) TK102 reduced PCBs 100ppm to 10ppm within 2 days • Rhodococcus opacus TSP203 reduced PCBs from 10ppm to less than 0.003 ppm in about 10 days. • Products: water, carbon dioxide, and chlorine PCBs - Group

  12. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Non-Thermal treatment: • Chemical extraction: Metal-sodium-dispersion oil declorination (OSD) method • Fine metal Na particles dispersed in oil is mixed with PCBs to dechlorinate the PCB. • The treated liquid: recycled oil, NaOH, NaCl, biphenyl and biphenyl compounds. • Concentration after treatment is lower than 0.001 mg/l • Costs: $245 to $800/tone (Source: http://www.furukawa.co.jp/review/fr024/fr24_18.pdf) PCBs - Group

  13. THE END Thank you for attention PCBs - Group

More Related