Clean Coal Technologies in Australia: Research, Development, and Demonstration

1. Clean Coal Technologies in AustraliaA Brief Overview of Research, Development and Demonstration John Carras Chairman – Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG Programme Technical Forum, 16 October 2007, Daejeon Korea

2. Australia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Australia emitted 559 M tonnes CO2 equiv. (2005) • Australia has not signed the Kyoto Protocol but has committed to the Kyoto target of a 108% increase over 1990 emissions (to 2012) – currently on track • Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per capita) at ~27 tonnes CO2 – equiv. per capita is among the highest in the world • Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per $ of GDP) is 0.7 kg CO2

3. Importance of Coal to Australia • Black coal is Australia’s largest commodity export and is worth $25 billion (AUD) per annum • Australia is the world’s largest exporter of coal • Electricity generation accounts for ~35% of Australia’s net GHG emissions • Australia’s electricity derives mainly from coal (57% black coal, 30% brown coal)

4. Australian Research Organisations in CCT • Cooperative Research Centre for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD) • Centre for Low Emission Technologies (cLET) • Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) • Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) • All above organisations are members of the Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG Programme • Until 2006 there was also a CRC for Clean Power from Lignite

5. CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD) • CCSD aims to optimise the contribution of coal to a sustainable future • CCSD focuses on the three dimensions of sustainability • Research Programs • Economic, social and environmental assessment • Current power generation • Transitional power generation • Future scenarios and technologies • Ironmaking • By products and waste • Research Programs deliver outcomes that: • Inform Strategic Decisions • Improve Environmental Performance • Understand Coal Performance in Technology • www.ccsd.biz

6. Centre for Low Emissions Technology (cLET) • ‘…develop cost effective new clean coal technologies that, when combined with CO2 capture and storage, will dramatically reduce emissions…’ • Research Program Areas • Gasification and core facility • Gas cleaning • Gas processing • Gas separation • Social and economic integration • Partners • Queensland Government • CSIRO • Australian Coal Association Research Program • Stanwell Corporation • Tarong Energy • Unioversity of Queensland

7. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) • CO2CRC focuses on carbon dioxide capture and geological storage • Research Programs • Storing CO2 • develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts in storage and/or usage costs • Capturing C02 • develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts (75-80%) in capture cost. • Demonstration Program and Regional CO2 Strategies • demonstrate through pilot projects that geosequestration or carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a viable option for CO2 mitigation under Australian conditions www.CO2CRC.com.au

8. Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) • To research develop and demonstrate technologies that lead to safe sustainable production and utilisation of coal • Broad research areas • Underground • Open cut • Coal preparation • Technical market support • Greenhouse gas mitigation • Mining and the community • Coal producers pay 5 cents per tonne to fund ACARP • www.acarp.com.au

9. CSIRO • Australia’s largest research organisation • Portfolio of energy related research including • Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, CCT) • Renewables (solar, wind, biofuels) • Energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors) • Distributed energy • Energy modelling • Greenhouse gas mitigation • www.csiro.au

10. Clean Coal Technology Pilot and Demonstration Projects • IDGCC (HRL) • Monash Energy -Gasification/ GtL/ CSS • Stanwell IGCC/ CSS - ZeroGen Project • CS Energy Oxyfuel Project • International Power - Lignite Power Repowering, Drying and Capture • Gorgon • Zero Carbon - Fairview • CO2CRC Otway Basin Project • Kwinana Project • Latrobe Valley PCC Project • Moombah Carbon Storage • APP - Post Combustion Capture Project • APP - Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Project

11. Wet brown coal drying, gasification and power generation Proven at 10MW scale with power sent to grid Planned: 400MW demonstration project in Latrobe Valley (Vic) 30% lower CO2 50% lower water use compared with current best Latrobe Valley plant IDGCC Technology - HRL

12. Monash Energy Project • Latrobe Valley (Victoria) Brown Coal • Advanced coal drying • Gasification • Gas to Liquids • Carbon capture and storage Status • Currently undergoing design specification Partners • Anglo Coal – Shell

13. ZeroGen Clean Coal Demonstration Project Overview • Zero Gen will investigate the viability of integrating coal based gasification and CCS to produce low emission baseload electricity. • ZeroGen involves Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). • 60-80 MW gasifier storing approximately 320,00 tonnes CO2 per annum in saline reservoir • The ZeroGen Demonstration Project • Stanwell Corporation Limited (Stanwell) • Queensland Government • Shell

14. CS Energy - Callide Oxyfuel Project • The Callide Oxyfuel Project is a retrofit to a 30 MWe coal-fired Unit in Central Queensland. • Partners include CS Energy, Xstrata Coal, Australian Coal Association, IHI, Jcoal, JPower, Schlumberger, CCSD, CO2CRC, Commonwealth Gov (LETDF) • The Project scope includes oxygen production (660 tpd), boiler refurbishment and oxy-fule retrofit (30 Mwe unit), CO2 compression and purification(100tpd), road transport and geological storage (50 to 75 tpd liquid CO2) • Will operate for 5 years from late 2009. • Project funding has been secured, and current work is focused on detailed engineering design and the development of project agreements.

15. Lignite Power Plant Repowering, Drying and Capture (International Power) • $A 369 million total project costs ($A 80 million Govt funds) • International Power • Alstom (EPC contractor and combustion technology provider) • RWE (Coal drying technology provider) • Process Group (EPC contractor for CO2 capture plant) • CO2CRC (Technology support for CO2 capture plant) • 200 MW boiler retrofit in Latrobe Valley (1/8 of plant) • Demonstrating • RWE steam fluidised bed drying for 60% moisture lignite • 100% firing of dried coal • 25 tpd CO2 post combustion capture

16. Gorgon Project • Development of Greater Gorgon gas fields • Two 5 million tonne per annum LNG trains • CO2 separation from gas stream • GHG management via injection of carbon dioxide into saline formations beneath Barrow Island • 40year lifetime, 3million tonne per annum CO2 • Joint Venture – Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell

17. Zero Carbon Power from Coal Seams- Fairview • 100MW power station fuelled by coal seam methane from ECBM • Capture and store 1/3 of carbon dioxide emissions per annum or 100,000 tpa. • Project will demonstrate use of coal seams as a source of fuel for power generation • Seams at 600m -1000m • 10 year demonstration period • Proponent is Fairview Power Pty Limited a wholly owned subsidiary of Santos Limited

18. Otway Basin Pilot Project – CO2CRC Project • Most advanced project in Australia • Injection, storage, monitoring and verification of 100,000 t CO2 injected under Australian conditions • Project being led by CO2CRC Progress Injection planned for late 2007 • Storage of the CO2-rich gas in the Waarre C Formation at 2100m deep. • Monitoring of the CO2 migrating plume using a wide range of technologies.

19. Kwinana Project • Kwinana hydrogen power project • Gasification of sub-bituminous coal • Gas separation with hydrogen providing 500MWe • 4 Million tonne of CO2 per year to be captured, compressed transported and injected 2km below the surface into a saline formation • Hydrogen Energy (BP and Rio Tinto)

20. Latrobe Valley Post Combustion Capture Project • Focus is on the reduction of emissions from brown coal power stations • Demonstrate carbon dioxide capture at operating power stations • Project participants – Victorian Government, CO2CRC, Loy Yang Power, International Power, CSIRO

21. Moomba Carbon Storage Project • Almost I billion tonnes of CO2 can be stored, overall • 20 million tonnes CO2 per year to be injected • Stage 1 – Demonstration program • Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery process • CO2 captured, transported and injected • 1 million tonne CO2 per year injected • Start in 2010 • Proof of concept of large scale storage • Subsequent stages will collect CO2 from east coast generators

22. Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (APP) • Post Combustion Capture(PCC) • Laboratory research and evaluation for sorbents and membrane development, and energy integration • Pilot plant research and development – Australia and China (Mobile Pilot Plant) • Project coordinator CSIRO

23. APP - ECBM ECBM field trials in Australia and China R&D Project Aim is to develop technologies to overcome coal swelling with CO2 adsorption Project Coordinators - CSIRO and JCOAL (Japan) Project to begin in early 2008

24. Summary • There are a number of significant CCT projects scheduled in Australia and beginning over the next 5 years • These projects will provide invaluable learnings in CCT and will highlight potential scale up issues • Projects, in many cases, are partnerships between industry, government and researchers

25. Thank You John Carras Chairman – Australian Consortium of the IE GHG Programme john.carras@csiro.au