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PAN 201 Anatomy for Pharmacy Students SKELETAL SYSTEM

PAN 201 Anatomy for Pharmacy Students SKELETAL SYSTEM. Objectives. At the end of this class you should be able: To identify the part of the human anatomy refer red to as the skeletal system To know the major divisions of the skeletal system To know the anatomical names of some bones

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PAN 201 Anatomy for Pharmacy Students SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. PAN 201 Anatomy for Pharmacy Students SKELETAL SYSTEM

  2. Objectives At the end of this class you should be able: • To identify the part of the human anatomy referredto as the skeletal system • To know the major divisions of the skeletal system • To know the anatomical names of some bones • To identify some bones should you come across them • To understand the function of skeletal system • To understand some diseases that affect the skeletal system

  3. What is the Skeletal System? • The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues, which protect and support the body tissues and internal organs

  4. Parts of the skeletal system • Bones (skeleton) • Joints • Cartilages • Ligaments (bone to bone) • (tendon=bone to muscle)

  5. Changes in the Human Skeleton • In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage • During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone • Cartilage remains in isolated areas • Bridge of the nose • Parts of ribs • Joints

  6. DIVISION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM • Divided into two divisions • Axial skeleton- skull, spinal column • Appendicular skeleton – limbs and girdle

  7. Axial skeleton supports and protects organs of head, neck and trunk Skull — cranium and facial bones Hyoid Bone— anchors tongue and muscles associated with swallowing Vertebral Column— vertebrae and disks Bony Thorax —ribs and sternum

  8. Appendicularskeleton bones of limbs and bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton: Pectoral Girdle (Clavicle, Scapula) Upper Limbs (humerus, ulna and radius) Pelvic Girdle (sacrum, coccyx) Lower Limbs (femur, tibia and fibula)

  9. The Axial Skeleton • Forms the longitudinal part of the body • Divided into three parts • Skull • Vertebral Column • Rib Cage

  10. The Axial Skeleton

  11. The Skull • 8 sutured bones in cranium • Facial bones: 13 sutured bones 1 mandible • Cranium • encases brain • attachments for muscles • sinuses

  12. Bones of the Skull

  13. Allows for growth

  14. Paranasal Sinuses • Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

  15. The Hyoid Bone • The only bone that does not articulate with another bone • Serves as a moveable base for the tongue, and other muscle attachments

  16. The Vertebral Column • Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs made of cartilage • The spine has a normal S curvature • Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location

  17. Thoracic cage • ribs • thoracic Vertebrae • sternum • costal cartilages • True ribs are directly attached to the sternum • (first seven pairs) • Three false ribs are joined to the 7th rib • Two pairs of floating ribs

  18. Scapula • The scapula is located on the back side of the ribcage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and movement for the arms.

  19. Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

  20. Radius and Ulna

  21. Carpals or (Wrist Bones)

  22. Metacarpals (Top of Hands)

  23. Phalanges (Little Fingers)

  24. Rib Cage

  25. Sternum (Breastbone)

  26. Pelvis (Dancing Bone)

  27. Femur (Largest Bone in the Body)

  28. The Tibia and Fibula

  29. Tarsals

  30. Metatarsals

  31. Phalanges

  32. Calcaneous

  33. Joints of the Body • Ball and Socket Joint: Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone. • Ex. Shoulder and Hip

  34. Joints of the Body • Hinge Joint: Movement at joint in one direction like a door. • Ex. Knee and Elbow

  35. Joints of the Body • Pivot Joint:Bone resting atop another bone permitting free movement. • Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles

  36. Joints of the Body • Fixed Immovable: Joint does not move • Ex. Skull • Gliding Joint: Bones slipping over other bones with a free flowing movement. • Ex. Knuckles

  37. The Connectors of the Body • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone

  38. The Connectors of the Body!! • Tendon:Attaches muscles to bones

  39. The Connectors of the Body • Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

  40. Joints A joint, or articulation, is the place where two bones come together. • Fibrous- Immovable, no movement. (skull and pelvis). • Cartilaginous- slightly movable, bones are attached by cartilage, a little movement (spine or ribs) • Synovial- freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints. Cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid. This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.

  41. The Synovial Joint

  42. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape

  43. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape

  44. Hinge Joint A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage. (Elbow, Knee)

  45. Ball and Socket- 
A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found inthe hips and shoulders. (Hip, Shoulder)

  46. Gliding- 
In a gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Mid-carpal and mid-tarsal joints are gliding joints. (Hands, Feet)

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