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Gilbert Ryle. Ryle showed how the misapplication of an ordinary term can result in a category mistake by which philosophers may be seriously misled . Where’s the University?
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Gilbert Ryle • Ryle showed how the misapplication of an ordinary term can result in a category mistake by which philosophers may be seriously misled. • Where’s the University? • in The Concept of Mind (1949), Ryle sharply criticized Cartesian dualism, arguing that adequate descriptions of human behavior need never refer to anything but the operations of human bodies. • This form of logical behaviorism became a standard view among ordinary-language philosophers for several decades.
D. M. Armstrong • Australian philosopher. • In Perception and the Physical World (1961) and A Materialist Theory of Mind (1968) Armstrong strictly defends the identity of mental events with states of the brain. • Armstrong also argues for the objective reality of qualities and relations in Universals and Scientific Realism (1978) and Universals (1989) .
J. C. C. Smart • Australian philosopher. Influenced by the methods of Ryle, Smart defends a strictly physicalist philosophy of mind in Philosophy and Scientific Realism (1963).