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Artificial Intelligence: The Cyber Art of Being Alive

Artificial Intelligence: The Cyber Art of Being Alive. Jerry B. Weinberg Associate Professor Department of Computer Science. What is Intelligence?. Expert Tasks Medical Diagnosis Airplane Mechanic Formal Tasks Mathematics Game Playing Creative Tasks Painting Music Composition

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Artificial Intelligence: The Cyber Art of Being Alive

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  1. Artificial Intelligence:The Cyber Art of Being Alive Jerry B. Weinberg Associate Professor Department of Computer Science

  2. What is Intelligence? • Expert Tasks • Medical Diagnosis • Airplane Mechanic • Formal Tasks • Mathematics • Game Playing • Creative Tasks • Painting • Music Composition • Everyday Tasks • Visual recognition • Language understanding

  3. Intelligence • The ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment • The ability to learn, understand, and deal with new situations • Storing knowledge (facts about a subject) • Reasoning (putting facts together to achieve a goal) • Learning (new knowledge and skill refinement) • Perception (interpreting the environment)

  4. Reasoning: State Space Search • State Space • The space of all possible states of a problem • The actions that can be applied to a state • Solving a problem: State Space Search • From a starting state search for a solution by applying possible actions • Goal test • Example: • How could you find your car? • States: locations where you are • Actions: moving from one point to the next • Goal test: Being in the same location as your car

  5. Exhaustive Search vs. Intelligent Search

  6. Heuristic Reasoning • Heuristic • “Rule of thumb” • a way to measure good a state is to get to your goal • Examples • Parking: what would be a good heuristic to find your car?

  7. Knowledge Representation • Data  Information Knowledge • Data is a collection of raw values • Information is derived facts from values • Knowledge is information applied to a problem • Knowledge representation encodes information in a program in such a way that it can be applied to a problem

  8. Solve These Problems • What is the name of this shape? • 432 X 14 = • How many windows are in your house? Different type of problems require different ways to represent the knowledge and different ways of reasoning.

  9. Knowledge Representations: Theories of Cognition • Rule-based • Model-based • Case-based • Neural Networks • Bayesian Networks • Formal Logic

  10. Intelligent Agents (IA’s) are Physical Symbol Systems • Symbols and symbols structures that can be manipulated syntactically by a set of processes • The symbol structure can be interpreted semantically

  11. Symbol Grounding Problem • 4 apples – 1 apple = 3 apples • Where does a symbol get its “meaning” • How does a computer “understand” what the symbol means? • How do we understand what a symbol means?

  12. Where are we going?Caveat: The Difficulties of Being a Futurist • The future is difficult to predict • Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM, 1943 • “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers” • Ken Olson, President of DEC, 1977 • “There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.” • Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft, 1981 • “640 Kilobytes ought to be enough for anybody.” • Things are not always used for what they are design to do • Arpanet (original Internet) was designed for robust communication in the event of a war. • We are now using it to order dog food and post pictures of our spring break vacation.

  13. Where is the AI now? • Microsoft Office Helpers • Amazon.com • NBA Scout • Furby • Wal-Mart Stocker • Batman the Movie • Half-life • The Sims • NASA

  14. Creative AI’s • AARON the cyberartist • Knowledge of objects and colors • Creates original paintings • The Cyber Poet • “Reads” books and creates a language model • Uses the model to create original hiaku’s Soul A haiku written by Ray Kurzweil's Cybernetic Poet after reading poems by John Keats and Wendy Dennis You broke my soulthe juice of eternity,the spirit of my lips.

  15. Computer Power • Apple IIe, 1983 • 1 Mhz, $1,400 • Dell PC, Today • 4 2 Ghz processors, $900

  16. Embedded Computers: Embedded AI • Augmented Reality • Ubiquitous Computing • GPS: Path Finding • Security Face Recognition

  17. Robotics A machine able to extract information from its environment and use knowledge about its world to move safely in a meaningful manner • Physically Embodied Computation • The Real World is a Harsh Place • Inaccessible • Non-deterministic • Dynamic

  18. Teleprescence • The next best thing to being there? • Meetings, building inspections, home doctor visits, search & rescue • SOE Tour Guide

  19. Autonomous Robots • Mobile Robotics • Maintenance • Construction • Entertainment

  20. Autonomous Robots • Robotics • Productivity • Service • Friends

  21. Everyone can be a robot scientist • Robot Kits between $200 - $2000

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