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FAO REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON NOTIFIABLE AVIAN INFLUNZA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA PRETORIA (SOUTH AFRICA ) 07 - 09 MARCH 2006. HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION AND AU/IBAR STRATEGY FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL. CONTENT. 1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN AFRICA

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  1. FAO REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON NOTIFIABLE AVIAN INFLUNZA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA PRETORIA (SOUTH AFRICA) 07- 09MARCH 2006 HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION AND AU/IBAR STRATEGY FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL Slide No.

  2. CONTENT • 1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN AFRICA • 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY • 2.1. Before outbreaks • 2.1. Suggestion to address the current situation • 3. CONCLUSION Slide No.

  3. 1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION • Outbreaks confirmed: • NIGERIA, 126 Farms, + 445,000 chickens destroyed • NIGER: 1 Region 20,000 • EGYPT: 7 Governates • Rumors and Suspicions: • North of Mali • Senegal • Mauritania • Chad • Cameroon • Ethiopia • Kenya Slide No.

  4. 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY 2.1. BEFORE OUTBREAKS - PREVENTION - CONTROL AND/OR ERADICATION Slide No.

  5. PREVENTION NATIONAL LEVEL • Awareness (sensitisation of stakeholders, training of professional staff): • Emergency preparedness plans (EPP): • Epidemiological surveillance (passive and active) REGIONAL LEVEL • Set up task force • Emergency funds and vaccines • Regional laboratories • Harmonisation and coordination actions • International Cooperation Slide No.

  6. NATIONAL LEVEL • * RE-INFORCEMENT AND STRENGHTENING OF ESTABLISHED EPIDEMIO-SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AND EXTENSION TO HPAI • * ESTABLISHMENT AND/OR REVITALIZATION OF EPIDEMIO-SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN NONE PACE COUNTRIES • * HIGH RISK COUNTRIES FOR INTRODUCTION OF HPAI: EGYPT, ETHIOPIA, KENYA, TANZANIA, CENTRAL AND WESTERN AFRICA Slide No.

  7. NATIONAL LEVEL • CONTROL OF MOVEMENT OF BIRDS AND PRODUCTS • Border controls • Ban on importation from infected countries and zone Slide No.

  8. REGIONAL LEVEL • Task Force • Emergency Funds : • Compensation • Vaccine stock • Reinforcement of established ESS and their extension to none PACE countries • Harmonization and Coordination of actions • Regional harmonisation meetings • International Cooperation: Slide No.

  9. CONTROL AND/OR ERADICATION 3 options: Option 1: Stamping out - Destruction of infected and at-risk (depending on likelihood that birds are infected) poultry. - As quickly as possible (within 24 h) - Samples taken - Vaccination of workers applying culling. - Humane destruction - Accurate records Slide No.

  10. NATIONAL LEVEL Option 2: Modified stamping out using vaccination - - Destruction of infected poultry - USE OF VACCINATION: Reduces susceptibility to infection and decreases shedding therefore reduces the incidence of new cases and viral load in the environment. Tool to maximize bio-security. - Vaccination in response to an outbreak: ring vaccination or vaccination of designated high-risk poultry. Slide No.

  11. NATIONAL LEVEL Option 3: Blanket vaccination -Pre-emptive “baseline” vaccination of all part of a population of poultry may be used if the risk of infection is high and/or the consequences of infection are very serious. In addition to all 3 options: Slide No.

  12. NATIONAL LEVEL • EFFECTIVE SURVEILLANCE • BIOSECURITY: Bio-containment and bio-exclusion • CONTROL OF MOVEMENT OF BIRDS AND PRODUCTS - Movement of items from infected zones - Border controls • DISPOSAL OF CARCASSES AND POTENTIALLY INFECTIVE MATERIAL IN A BIOSECURE MANNER Slide No.

  13. REGIONAL LEVEL • Avail Emergency funds • International Cooperation • Harmonization and Coordination: sharing disease information Slide No.

  14. CRITERIA FOR CHOICE CHOICE OF OPTION: COUNTRY DECISION BASED ON: - Epidemiological situation: national and regional - Available resources: human, financial etc - AO relevant information Slide No.

  15. 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) 2.2. Suggested strategy to address the current situation • Preliminary Lessons learnt from the current situation - delay in laboratory confirmation - Difficulties in sending samples to reference laboratories - Difficulties to determine the source of infection - Absence of means to implement the modified stamping without vaccination strategy Slide No.

  16. 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) • Suggestions to countries in West Africa - Stamping out: country with 50 million 1% of chicken population and 3 $/head: 1,500,000 $ 5% of chicken population and 3 $/head: 7,500,000 $ 10%: 15,000,000 $ • + cost of other measures • - Modified stamping out: Half to be destroyed and half to be vaccinated 750 000 $ 3,750,000 $ 7,500,000 $ +/- cost of vaccination and + cost of other measures Slide No.

  17. 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) • Vaccination (1 year) In modified stamping out: half to be vaccinated 0.5 % 250 000 heads X 0.1 $/head X 2 X 2: 100,000 $ 2.5 %: 500,000 $ 5 %: 1,000,000 $ + personnel, vaccine storage and transport etc Blanket vaccination: 80 %: 16,000,000 $ + personnel, vaccine storage and transport etc Slide No.

  18. 3. CONCLUSION • Best choice: seems to be modified stamping out. • Consider all the conditions for its efficient implementation • Vaccinations: Very Costly but could be used in some circumstances. • Suggestion for commercial farms: Kill all chickens, store and sell and then apply sanitary vacuum before re-stocking. Slide No.

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