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Phonology

Phonology. How do words sound?. Sounds: distinct or continuous?. “ ta-ta-ta ” (time/frequency). “nineteenth century” (time/frequency/intensity). [source: Wikipedia]. Some key terms. phonemes: Sounds that are distinct enough to distinguish different words

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Phonology

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  1. Phonology How do words sound?

  2. Sounds: distinct or continuous? “ta-ta-ta” (time/frequency) “nineteenth century” (time/frequency/intensity) [source: Wikipedia]

  3. Some key terms • phonemes: Sounds that are distinct enough to distinguish different words • e.g., “p” in pearvs “b” in bear • allophones: Sounds within a phoneme that aren’t different enough to distinguish different words • e.g., the “p” in pace vs. the “p” in space (one has a puff of air, the other doesn’t) • voiced consonant: produced if the vocal cords vibrate (“b”) • unvoiced consonant: produced if the vocal cords do not vibrate (“p”)

  4. Problems of English spelling • inadequacy, complexity • same pronunciation, different spellings: meet, meat, mete • same spelling, different pronunciations: wind/wind, invalid • different phonemes, same spelling: thin/then • same letter standing for several different sounds (or no sound at all): s in sun, pays, treasure, tension, aisle • letter credundant: only ever stands for sounds that can be made by another letter or letter combination: call (k), cell (s), cello (ch), social (sh), indict (silent) • silent letters (climb, yacht, sign, exhaust, autumn, receipt, castle, answer) • sound with no letter (one, music)

  5. Human speech organs(not on test)

  6. Consonant phonemes in English(not on test, but helpful for later reference)

  7. International phonetic alphabetic (IPA)Consonants p pill b bill t till d dill k kill g gill č chill ǰJill f fill v veal θ thigh ð then s seal z zeal š fish ž measure h heel x(Scots loch, Hebrew Pesach) m mice n nice ŋ sing l lore r roar w wore j your

  8. Vowel phonemes of English æ fad ɑ father ɔ cod ɛ fed ɘ solid (2nd o code e fade vowel) ʊ could ɪ fit ʌ cud u coo i feed

  9. Diphthongs • combinations of two vowel sounds phonemic (contrast with non-dipthong version): ɑɪ lied ɑʊ loud ɔɪ loin allophonic (don’t contrast with non-diphthong version): oʊ low eɪ lane ɪə leer ɛə lair ʊə lure

  10. Fun stuff • The McGurkillusion: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=eQoYKuNcCpU • fuller explanation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=T4fUi0eG1X4 • HAL9000’s voice played 200 times slower, with spectrogram: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTi_HwdlJ20 • this man is just playing with his spectrogram: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faBFiEfPxUU

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