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Chemistry 100(02) Fall 2014

Chemistry 100(02) Fall 2014. Instructor: Dr. Upali Siriwardane e-mail : upali@latech.edu Office : CTH 311 Phone 257-4941 Office Hours : M,W, 8:00-9:30 & 11:30-12:30 a.m Tu,Th,F 8 :00 - 10:00 a.m.   Or by appointment Test Dates :.

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Chemistry 100(02) Fall 2014

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  1. Chemistry 100(02) Fall 2014 Instructor: Dr. UpaliSiriwardane e-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: CTH 311 Phone257-4941 Office Hours: M,W, 8:00-9:30 & 11:30-12:30 a.m Tu,Th,F8:00 - 10:00 a.m.   Or by appointment Test Dates: September 29, 2014 (Test 1): Chapter 1 & 2 October 20, 2014 (Test 2): Chapter 3 & 4 November 12, 2014 (Test 3) Chapter 5 & 6 November 13, 2014 (Make-up test) comprehensive: Chapters 1-6 9:30-10:45:15 AM, CTH 328

  2. REQUIRED: Textbook:Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro - Pearson Prentice Hall and also purchase the Mastering Chemistry Group Homework, Slides and Exam review guides and sample exam questions are available online: http://moodle.latech.edu/ and follow the course information links. OPTIONAL: Study Guide: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro 2nd Edition Student Solutions Manual: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro2nd Text Book & Resources

  3. Chapter 1.Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving 1. 1 Atoms and Molecules………………………………….. 1 1 .2 The Scientific Approach to Knowledge…………….. 3 1 .3 The Classification of Matter…………………………… 5 1 .4 Physical and Chemical Changes and Physical and Chemical Properties…………………………………….. 9 1 .5 Energy: A Fundamental Part of Physical and Chemical Change…………………………………………………….. 12 1 .6 The Units of Measurement……………………………... 13 1 .7 The Reliability of a Measurement……………………… 20 1 .8 Solving Chemical Problems……………………………. 27

  4. Chapter 1. KEY CONCEPTS

  5. What is chemistry? 1. Chemistry deals with non-reversible changes of matter 2. Chemistry explains using atoms, molecules and ions 4. Chemistry is a Central Science 3. Chemical Concepts and Models improve your problem solving skills

  6. What is an Atom? • Very small particle. • Smallest particle of anelement • Different atoms have differentphysical and chemical properties • Atoms combine to frommoleculessharing electronsor lose/gain electrons to form ions • Atoms, molecules and ions determinehow matter behaves—if they were different, matter would be different.

  7. Models of matter in Chemistry Atom - The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of an element. Ions– Charged particles formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms or molecules Metals– Collections of metal atoms with special properties Molecule-The smallest unit of a pure substance that has properties of that substance. It may contain more than one atom and more than one element. Three models are commonly used to help visualize

  8. Structure of Substances? Pt metal • NaCl: Na+ andCl-

  9. Allotropes • Forms of element that has different bonding pattern Graphite Diamond • Buckminsterfullerine

  10. Molecular Models (Aspirin)

  11. Biomolecules (hemoglobin)

  12. 1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions • (with charge) formed from the following elements • and compounds explain their properties.

  13. 1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions • (with charge) formed from the following elements • and compounds explain their properties.

  14. Scientific Method • Procedure • designed to • test an idea • Tentative explanation of a • single or small number of • observations • General explanation of • natural phenomena • Careful noting and • recording of natural • and experimental • phenomena • Generally observed • occurence in nature

  15. Scientific Method

  16. The Scientific Approach to Knowledge 2) What are the key steps involved in scientific method:

  17. 3) What is a hypothesis in science? Give an • example. • 4) How does hypothesis become a scientific • theory? Give an example.

  18. Kinetic Molecular Theory: Gases Postulates • Gaseous particles in continuous, random, rapid motion • Collisions between particles are elastic • Volume occupied by the particles is negligibly small effect on their behavior • Attractive forces between particles have a negligible effect on their behavior • Gases have no fixed volume or shape, take the volume and shape of the container

  19. 5) What is a scientific theory? Give an example. • 6) What are postulates of a scientific theory? Give • an example.

  20. Gas Laws (This is not theory) • Boyle's Law (V and P) • Charles Law (V and T) • Gay-Lussac's combined Gas Law • (V, P and T) • Avogadro's Law (V and n) • Ideal Gas Law (V, P, n, R and T) Scientific law is a summary or pattern in observation

  21. 7) What is a scientific law? Give an example.

  22. 8) What are the main branches of chemistry?

  23. Areas of Chemistry “The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.” Major divisions • InorganicCompounds of elements other than carbon • OrganicCompounds of carbon • Biochemistry Compounds of living matter • Physical Theory and concepts • Analytical Methods of analysis • GeneralCovers all areas as an introduction

  24. 9) Identify the main branches of chemistry under • the following: • A researcher analyzes a water sample for lead content: • An undergraduate studies the allotropes of phosphorus: • Robert Boyle studied the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas: • Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from fungi and later it was • synthesized in the lab: • A researcher starting from simple organic compounds complex drugs • are synthesized:

  25. Properties of Substances Physical properties: Physical properties are descriptions of matter such as color, density, viscosity, boiling point, and melting point. 2. Chemical properties: Chemical properties relates to the changes of substances making up the matter. corrosiveness, Flammability

  26. Classification of Matter by Composition • made of multiple types of particles • samples may show different properties • made of one type of particle • all samples show the same physical • and chemical properties • Which are homogeneous or heterogeneous? • Blood Urine “T-Bone” steak • Gasoline Twinkie Salad Dressing

  27. Classification of Mixtures • made of multiple • substances, • whose presence • can be seen • portions of a • sample have • different • composition and • properties • made of multiple • substances, but • appears to be one • substance • all portions of an • individual sample • have the same • composition and • properties

  28. The Classification of Matter • 10) What is a mixture? Describe it generally and • given an example.

  29. 11) What is a: (Describe it generally and given an • example) • Homogenous mixture? • b) Heterogeneous mixture?

  30. 12) Classify following as • heterogeneous/homogenous (het/hom) mixtures? • Salt water • A chocolate chip cookie • a handful of soil • a vegetable garden • An ice cream sundae • Steel • Bronze • Closed soft drink bottle • Just opened soft drink bottle

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