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The Gas Laws

The Gas Laws. 4-18-10 Cornell Notes Worksheet Relay. Agenda. Do Now Cornell Notes (3 gas laws) Practice Relay. Remember…. Gases have four different properties we can measure in numbers: Volume Temperature Number of moles Pressure

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The Gas Laws

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  1. The Gas Laws 4-18-10 Cornell Notes Worksheet Relay

  2. Agenda • Do Now • Cornell Notes (3 gas laws) • Practice Relay

  3. Remember… • Gases have four different properties we can measure in numbers: • Volume • Temperature • Number of moles • Pressure • According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, gases have these properties because they are made of moving particles.

  4. Why are we learning about gases? • Gases affect our lives in many ways • We need it to survive (oxygen) • Air pressure is responsible for our ears and lungs to function • To predict these behaviors, we need to be able to use the three gas laws that gases obey.

  5. Boyle’s Law P α 1/V • Pressure and volume are INVERSELYproportional if moles and temperature remain constant • When Pressure increases, Volume decreases and vice versa Robert Boyle (1627-1691). Son of Earl of Cork, Ireland. P1V1 = P2V2

  6. Example: If the pressure of a gas starts at 6 atm and it’s volume is 5.0 L, what happens to the pressure when the volume increases to 15.0 L? P1V1 = P2V2 Before After (P2) (15.0 L) (6 atm) (5.0 L) = (15.0 L) (15.0 L) If we change the volume, the pressure changes to 2atm

  7. Boyle’s Law • A bicycle pump is a good example of Boyle’s law. • As the volume of the air trapped in the pump is reduced, its pressure goes up, and air is forced into the tire.

  8. Charles’s Law V α T • Volumeandtemperatureare DIRECTLYproportional IF moles and pressure remain constant • When volume increases, Temperature increases Jacques Charles (1746-1823). Isolated boron and studied gases. Balloonist. V1 = V2 T1T2

  9. Example: If the volume of a gas is 4.0 L and it’s temperature is 50 K, what happens to the volume if the temperature changes to 75 K? V1 = V2 T1T2 Before After 4.0 L V2 = 50 K 75 K If we change the temperature, the volume changes to 6.0 L

  10. Charles’s Balloon • Heat up the air (raise the tempreature), the volume increases (balloon inflates)

  11. Gay-Lussac’s Law P α T • Pressureandtemperatureare DIRECTLY proportional IF moles and volume remain constant • When Pressure increases, Temperature increases Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) P1 = P2 T1T2

  12. Example If the pressure of a gas is 5.0 atm and the temperature is 50 K, what will the temperature be if the pressure decreases to 3.0 atm? P1 = P2 T1T2 Before After 5.0 atm 3.0 atm = 50 K T2 If we change the pressure, the temperature drops to 30 K

  13. Combined Gas Law • Good news! We don’t have to memorize all three laws! Since they’re all related, we can combine them into ONE equation! • If you only need one of the other gas laws, you can cover up the item that is constant and you will get that gas law! • = P1 V1 P2 Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Gay-Lussac’s Law V2 T1 T2

  14. Practice • Complete the worksheet problems on a SEPARATE sheet of paper • Have Ms. Akagi check your work after each round BEFORE you move on to the next round!

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