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GCSE Geography

GCSE Geography. Hi Tech Industries. What is a footloose industry?. Footloose industries are those that do not have to locate close to raw materials (unlike the early iron and steel industry that had to locate close to iron ore and coal etc ).

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GCSE Geography

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  1. GCSE Geography Hi Tech Industries

  2. What is a footloose industry? • Footloose industries are those that do not have to locate close to raw materials (unlike the early iron and steel industry that had to locate close to iron ore and coal etc). • Footloose industries locate in pleasant environments near transport routes and near the markets. • An example of a footloose industry would be a hi-tech industry such as computing. • Footloose industries have to locate close to research centres like universities. Development in the hi-tech industry happen so fast that companies need to stay up to date to survive e.g. Science Parks around Cambridge. • Footloose industries are usually non-polluting and can locate close to residential areas.

  3. What are hi tech industries? • Produce sophisticated products • Emphasis on research and development • Raw materials are often electrical components • Examples are computers, biotechnology, telecommunications, aerospace and military equipment

  4. Location map/sample question

  5. Science Parks? • Located on edge of cities • Typically on greenfield sites • Connected with high technology and electronics • Have direct links with Universities for research • Attractive layouts (grass, ornamental ponds and gardens)

  6. Cambridge Science Park

  7. Location of Cambridge Science Park

  8. The History of the park • Report published in 1969, recommended an expansion of 'science-based industry' close to Cambridge to take maximum advantage of the concentration of scientific expertise, equipment and libraries and to increase feedback from industry into the Cambridge scientific community. • Trinity College had a piece of land available, a long scientific tradition and it decided to apply for planning permission to develop it as a science park, an idea born during the 60s in the USA where the first science park was established by Stanford University.

  9. Site Map

  10. 1970-1980 • Planning permission granted in October 1971 • The first company moved onto the site in Autumn 1973 following clearance and landscaping of the derelict area, conversion of the old gravel pit dug for wartime concrete standings into a lake, and construction of the first stretch of road. • Growth of the Cambridge Science Park was slow in the first five years. The science park concept was an unfamiliar one and companies were mainly attracted to it by a desire to be close to the University's scientific research. Early on, UK subsidiaries of multinational companies started to locate there (LKB Biochrom from Sweden and US laser specialists Coherent were the first two of these) and the number of companies slowly grew to 25 by the end of the 70s.

  11. 1980-1990 • Mini-cluster of technologies and people developed and began to draw in more companies. The Trinity Centre was opened in 1984 to provide a meeting place, meal facilities and conference rooms • More starter units and the Cambridge Innovation Centre were built to expand the range of accommodation available and a squash court was opened in 1986. Several venture capital companies opened offices on the park, including 3i, the UK's leading venture capital company. • University academics began to bring companies to the park, encouraged by its success and because of the breaking of the monopoly of intellectual property originating in UK universities.

  12. 1990-2000 • The cluster of hi-tech companies in the Cambridge area has grown to some 1200 companies employing around 35,000 people and demand for space has increased. • The life sciences sector has grown strongly and is rapidly becoming the dominant technology sector. These, plus fast-growing internet and telecomms-related companies and the growth and success of a number of companies which have been at the park for some years, have altered the pattern of space occupation in recent years. • There are now fewer but larger, better funded and more successful companies at the park. • A new biotech venture capital fund, Merlin Ventures, has recently opened an office there.

  13. 21st Century • The Park now boasts a state of the art conference centre and restaurants, the Q.ton forum, Revolution fitness centre and a 115 child-place nursery. • A further 22.5 acres of land is currently under development adjacent to the Park. It involves a joint venture between Trinity Hall (the landowner) and Trinity College. One unit has been pre-let to Cambridge Silicon Radio.

  14. Testing, Testing • Make a copy of these words • Tertiary • Overheads • Brownfield • Enterprise • Footloose • Labour • Exports • Greenfield • Heavy • Science Park

  15. Questions 1-5 • 1. The type of industry which uses bulky raw materials, such as steel. • 2. An industry which isn't tied to a particular location. • 3. The employment sector that includes tourism, banking and retail. • 4. An area, which is often linked to a university, where high tech research and manufacturing is carried out. • 5. A site which hasn't been built on before.

  16. Questions 6-9 • 6. The name for costs such as rent, heating and staff salaries in a firm. • 7. _______ Zone - somewhere that the government has set aside for the development of new industry. • 8. Goods going out of the country. • 9. An urban area which has been built on before, but is suitable for redevelopment.

  17. 1. heavy 2. footloose 3. tertiary 4. science park 5. greenfield 6. overheads 7. enterprise 8. exports 9. brownfield Answers

  18. Useful further information • http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/secondary.html • http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/secondary.html#camb

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