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Minerals: Basic Building Blocks of Rocks

Explore the major elements found in the Earth's crust and learn about the properties of minerals, including crystal form, hardness, luster, streak, cleavage, and fracture.

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Minerals: Basic Building Blocks of Rocks

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  1. In the beginning…..

  2. your new friends:MINERALS Basic Building Blocks of Rocks

  3.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust

  4. Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust

  5.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6%

  6.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7%

  7.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)……………………... 8.1%

  8.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)……………………... 8.1% Iron (Fe)……………………………... 5.0%

  9.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)……………………... 8.1% Iron (Fe)……………………………... 5.0% Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6%

  10.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)……………………... 8.1% Iron (Fe)……………………………... 5.0% Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8%

  11.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)……………………... 8.1% Iron (Fe)……………………………... 5.0% Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8% Pota. (K)……………………………... 2.6%

  12.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silica (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)……………………... 8.1% Iron (Fe)……………………………... 5.0% Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8% Pota. (K)……………………………... 2.6% Magnesium (Mg)…………………… 2.1%

  13.  I. Introduction • Major Elements Found in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen (O)…………………………. 46.6 % Silicon (Si)…………………………… 27.7% Aluminum (Al)……………………... 8.1% Iron (Fe)……………………………... 5.0% Calcium (Ca)………………………… 3.6% Sodium (Na)………………………… 2.8% Pota. (K)……………………………... 2.6% Magnesium (Mg)…………………… 2.1% TOTAL 98.5%

  14. Proportion of major elements making up the mass of the entire earth

  15. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding

  16. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

  17. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

  18. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer” “the octet rule” Compounds want to behave like the Noble Gases

  19. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

  20. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

  21. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer”

  22. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer” 2. Covalent “sharing

  23. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 2. Covalent “sharing

  24. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 2. Covalent “sharing

  25. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 2. Covalent “sharing

  26. I. Introduction B. Chemical Bonding 1. Ionic “transfer” 2. Covalent “sharing 3. Metallic “mega-covalent”

  27. II. What Is a Mineral?

  28. II. What Is a Mineral? A. naturally occurring

  29. II. What Is a Mineral? • naturally occurring • inorganic

  30. II. What Is a Mineral? • naturally occurring • inorganic • crystalline solid

  31. II. What Is a Mineral? • naturally occurring • inorganic • crystalline solid • has a unique atomic structure and definite chemical composition

  32. III. Properties of Minerals

  33. III. Properties of Minerals A. Crystal Form

  34. III. Properties of Minerals A. Crystal Form

  35. III. Properties of Minerals B. Hardness : the mineral’s ability to scratch, or be scratched.

  36. III. Properties of Minerals B. Hardness

  37. III. Properties of Minerals C. Luster: Light reflected from the surface of a mineral 1. Metallic 2. Non Metallic

  38. III. Properties of Minerals C. Luster

  39. III. Properties of Minerals D. Streak

  40. III. Properties of Minerals D. Streak

  41. III. Properties of Minerals E. Cleavage: when minerals break along repeated planes of weakness

  42. III. Properties of Minerals E. Cleavage

  43. III. E. Cleavage

  44. III. Properties of Minerals F. Fracture: when minerals break irregularly

  45. III. Properties of Minerals G. Color All are calcite!!!

  46. III. Properties of Minerals H. Specific Gravity

  47. III. Properties of Minerals salty I. Taste/Touch/Smell greasy Pretty smelly!

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