Chapter 00 Preface

1. Chapter 00Preface Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems積體電路概論 賴秉樑 Dept. of Electronic Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Fall 2007

2. Goal, Grading and Textbook • Equip students with basic VLSI design capability • Design and analyze digital VLSI chips using CMOS technology • Understand design issues at the layout, transistor, logic and register-transfer levels • An Overview of Full Custom IC Design Flow, Cell-based IC Design Flow, and FPGA Design Flow • SPICE Simulation and Physical Layout • Full Custom IC Design using Cadence, Hspice Simulation, and Calibre Verification • Grading • Homework & Project: 30% • Midterm exam: 35% • Final exam: 35% • Textbook • John P. Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (全華代理), ISBN 0-471-12704-3

3. Course Outline • Chapter 01: An Overview of VLSI • Chapter 02: Logic Design with MOSFETs • Chapter 03: Physical Structure of CMOS Integrated Circuits • Chapter 04: Fabrication of CMOS Integrated Circuits (surpass) • Chapter 05: Elements of Physical Design • Chapter 06: Electrical Characteristics of MOSFETs • Chapter 07: Electrical Analysis of CMOS Logic Gates • Chapter 08: Designing High-Speed CMOS Logic Networks • Chapter 09: Advanced Techniques in CMOS Logic Circuits • Chapter 10: System Specifications Using Verilog HDL • Chapter 11: General VLSI System Components (surpass) • Chapter 12: Arithmetic Circuits in CMOS VLSI • Chapter 13: Memories and Programmable Logic • Chapter 14: System-Level Physical Design (surpass) • Chapter 15: VLSI Clocking and System Design

4. The Integrated Circuit • 1959: Jack Kilby, working at TI, invented a monolithic “integrated circuit” • Components connected by hand-soldered wiresand isolated by “shaping”, PN-diodes used as resistors (U.S. Patent 3,138,743) Figure 0.1 Diagram from patent application

5. Integrated Circuits • 1961: TI and Fairchild introduce the first logic ICs ($50 in quantity) • 1962: RCA develops the first MOS transistor Figure 0.3 RCA 16-transistor MOSFET IC Figure 0.2 Fairchild bipolar RTL Flip-Flop

6. Computer-Aided Design • 1967: Fairchild develops the “Micromosaic” IC using CAD • Final Al layer of interconnect could be customized for different applications • 1968: Noyce, Moore leave Fairchild, start Intel

7. RAMs • 1970: Fairchild introduces 256-bit Static RAMs • 1970: Intel starts selling1K-bit Dynamic RAMs Figure 0.5 Intel 1103 1K-bit DRAM Figure 0.4 Fairchild 4100 256-bit SRAM

8. The Microprocessor • 1971: Intel introduces the 4004 • General purpose programmable computer instead of custom chip for Japanese calculator company Figure 0.6 Intel 4004 Microprocessor

9. Type of IC Designs • IC Designs can be Analogor Digital • CMOS design methods • Microprocessor/DSP • Programmable Logic • Fast prototyping with FPGA or CPLD chips • Gate Array and Sea of Gates Design • Cell-based Design • Designs synthesized automatically from a high-level language description • Full-custom Design • Every transistor designed and laid out by hand • Platform-based Design • System on a chip

10. ASIC Design Flow Cell Based Design Flow Specification Advanced VLSI Research Center SPW Matlab System-Level Design & Sim ASIC BONeS Visual Architect Behavior Synthesis Full-Custom Cell-Based FPGA MathWork RTW RTL-Level Sim Verilog-XL Synopsys VCS Full Custom Design Flow Circuit-Level Design RTL Synthesis Composer Ambit Cell Library Design-Compiler Pre-Layout Circuit-Sim Hspice Spice Model Gate-Level Sim Synopsys VCS Cell Library Model SBTSPICE Verilog-XL Physical Layout Virtuoso Physical Verification Apollo/Hercules Silicon Ensemble Ultra / Dracula Physical Verification & RC Extraction Dracula RC Extraction Star-RC Dracula Post-Layout Sim Hspice Post-Layout Sim Spice Model & RC TimeMill Star-time Star-sim SBTSPICE Tape Out Tape Out

11. System-on-Chip

12. Systematic Design Flow

13. MOS Technology Trends

14. Silicon in 2010 Die Area: 2.5 x 2.5 cm Voltage: 0.6 V Technology: 0.07 m