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Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement

Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten. Troy Wood University of Buffalo Buffalo, NY  2006, Prentice Hall. What is the elemental symbol for sodium?. S Na Sn Sm Sr.

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Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement

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  1. Chapter 1Introduction: Matter and Measurement Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Troy Wood University of Buffalo Buffalo, NY  2006, Prentice Hall

  2. What is the elemental symbol for sodium? • S • Na • Sn • Sm • Sr

  3. Correct Answer: • S • Na • Sn • Sm • Sr The word sodium is derived from the Latin word natrium, meaning sodium carbonate.

  4. A microgram (mg) is equal to how many grams? 1  106 g 1 103 g 10 1  103 g 1  106 g

  5. Correct Answer: 1  106 g 1 103 g 10 1  103 g 1  106 g Recall that the prefix micro-means 106.

  6. Which of the following is the smallest volume? 400 microliters 4 milliliters 0.4 centiliters 4 105 liters 4 105 nanoliters

  7. Correct Answer: 400 microliters 4 milliliters 0.4 centiliters 4 105 liters 4 105 nanoliters

  8. A temperature of 68°F is equal to what temperature in degrees Celsius (°C)? 10 12 16 20 24

  9. 5 ( ) ° = ° C F 32 - Correct Answer: 10 12 16 20 24 9 °C = 5/9 (68 32) = 5/9(36) = 20 °C

  10. The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77 K. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius (°C)? 350 77 196 273 0 • °C = K – 273.15

  11. Correct Answer: 350 77 196 273 0 • °C = K  273.15 • °C = 77  273.15 • °C = 196.15 K, • or 196 K

  12. A perfect cube of an unknown substance 10.0 cm in each dimension weighs 1.59 kg. What is the unknown’s density (in g/cm3)? 0.159 g/cm3 1.59 g/cm3 15.9 g/cm3 159 g/cm3 None of the above is correct.

  13. Correct Answer: 0.159 g/cm3 1.59 g/cm3 15.9 g/cm3 159 g/cm3 None of the above is correct. Density = 1.59 kg/(10.0 cm)3 Density = 1.59 kg(1000 g/1 kg)/1000. cm3 Density = 1.59 g/cm3

  14. Which will have the larger volume: 25 g of Cu (8.94 g/cm3) or 25 g of Pb (11.34 g/cm3)? 25 g Cu 25 g Pb They will occupy the same volume.

  15. Correct Answer: 25 g Cu 25 g Pb They will occupy the same volume. According to the density, 25 g Cu will occupy 2.80 cm3 while 25 g Pb will occupy only 2.20 cm3.

  16. How many significant figures are there in the following number: 1.200  109? 4 3 2 1 Cannot deduce from given information.

  17. Correct Answer: 4 3 2 1 Cannot deduce from given information. 1.200 109 Zeros that fall both at the end of a number and after the decimal point are always significant.

  18. How many significant figures are there in the following summation: 2 3 4 5 6 6.220 1.0 + 125

  19. Correct Answer: 2 3 4 5 6 6.220 1.0 + 125 132.220 In addition and subtraction the result can have no more decimal places than the measurement with the fewest number of decimal places.

  20. How many significant figures are there in the result of the following multiplication: (2.54)  (6.2)  (12.000) 2 3 4 5

  21. Correct Answer: 2 3 4 5 (2.54)  (6.2)  (12.000) = 2285.01 = 2300 In multiplication and division the result must be reported with the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures.

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