Maximizing Commercial Space Transportation with a Public-Private Partnership

1. Maximizing Commercial Space Transportation with a Public-Private Partnership Space Ops 2006 - Rome 20 June 06 Tom Taylor Paper Number: AIAA-2006-5883

2. Space Budgets never go far enough 75% Lunar trip cost is getting to LEO New Zealand had similar cost problems Public Private Partnerships (PPP) changed it Using PPPs in Commercial Space can help Examples of the effect help us see the value PPPs combines markets with private money Mankind moves off planet & solves problems Introduction

3. Basic Public Private Partnerships

4. To recover full value from hardware after government use by planning in advance Military organizations transition fighter planes & tanks to National Guards, Allies, War Surplus & others Hubble, Skylab, Saturn V, ISS, Orbiter, Delta, Atlas, & others needed a commercial transition plan early Only the EELV’s reverted to aerospace after significant govrn. upgrades & cost with small private investment by aerospace Commercial Transition takes pre-planning, affordable space transportation and interested private money to become profitable business plans for Space Based businesses using govrn. surplus hardware Commercial Transition Plan

5. Agreement with Government & Private Each benefits in future ways Each side brings something Results in larger space markets Results in stimulation of private capital Accelerates space development Opens new developments like SSP, Lunar, Beyond Basic Structure - PPP

6. Shuttle Derived Vehicles & PPP SHUTTLE Cm • Side Mount Shuttle Cm Proposed • Proposed as PPP • Uses ISS Payloads as existing Bus Plan Market to raise private money • Uses Profits to evolve into a Commercial Vehicle Business • NASA proceeds with existing plans on CEV • Shuttle Cm becomes commercial transport workhorse for Lunar NASA

9. Shuttle Cm Public Private Chart

10. Why go to the PPP Trouble? • Medium Cost Testbed • Future Commercial Hotel • ET has $580m Invested Transportation Cost - Free • Business pays Taxes • Provides Habitation for Workers, Tourists, Others • Propellant Depot • Others ET & SRB Uses

11. What Could be the Result?

12. Space Island Group’s Concept for a Hotel

13. Commerce in LEO • Large Projects • Driven Commercially • Using PPPs • Using Private Funds • Making a Profit • Paying Taxes • Taking Mankind Along • International PPPs

14. Partial Gravity Facilities • 8 ea. ETs • 2 rpm • Near Lunar Gravity • Tourists • Salvaged ETs • Private Ownership • Pays taxes • Expands on Profits

15. A Propellant Depot increases our Payload Capacity

16. Two Way Highway to the Moon • Uses a fleet of two new reusable spacecraft - the Lunar Lander and the Propellant Transporter. • Uses a fleet of two new expendable support spacecraft - a Payload Dispenser and a Propellant Dispenser. • Uses existing Expendable Launch Vehicles to transfer all spacecraft, propellants, and payloads from the Earth to LEO. Propellant Transporter Lunar Lander Payload Dispenser Propellant Dispenser

17. First Leg - Commercial EELV’s

18. Bigger Tankson SDV • LTS uses Delta IV, Atlas V • Scaleable to CEV, CLV • Larger tanks, more effective • Growth options • Commercial Lunar Transportation both ways • Sustainability • SDV helps evolution to Transport Nodes • Brings Private Money into Flow

19. All we want is to be the truck driver Hauling non-critical cargo To and from the moon Using commercial financing & some Unglamorous aerospace technology At a profit, so we use profits to Raise private money to Expand LTS To Be the Truck Driver

20. Has been working for 1+ year Has invested ~ $500k of private money Is interested in developing a commercial lunar transportation system Initially 800 kg of payload to the lunar surface Payload capability from lunar surface to earth Evolving to 28,000 kg of payload with Refuel After proving the safety and reliability then enhance the system to carry people Have potential to raise $500 million with proven track record Lunar Transportation Systems Inc.

21. Enabling Technologies There are six new technologies that make this Earth - Moon transportation system possible: • A new autonomous rendezvous and docking system. • A new autonomous payload transfer system between two docked spacecraft in LEO. • A new robotic spacecraft to spacecraft cryogenic propellant tank transfer system. • A new autonomous propellant tank tapping system. • A new autonomous Lunar landing system. • A new autonomous Lunar payload offload system.

22. LTS Concept • Same Basic Frame • Transfers Cryo Tanks • Transfers Payloads • Could be PPP • Expands on Profits • Tanks disposable • Tanks maybe reused later on Moon or cryo

23. Commercial Lunar Transport • 800 kgs early • Commercial • Could be a PPP Privately Funded • Same Startup team as Kistler, SPACEHAB • Non-Critical Lunar Cargo Business

25. One Future Node System

26. Autonomous Propellant Tank Transfer Transferring cryo propellant between big tanks is expensive. • Transfer Tanks instead of cryo propellants using low cost plant robotics at the Depot or enroute • Increase cryo tank life with with Depot storage • Depots emerge as commercial filling stations • Don’t throw away any $10k/lb mass

27. Lunar Transportation • Transfers Tanks • Diameter constrained • Uses SDV hardware for later Transport Nodes • Unmanned, Scaleable • Serial entrepreneurs • Starts small & evolves • Commercial venture • Privately financed

28. LEO as a Shoreline like Node

29. Atmospheric Drag TPS required Pushes up thru gravity well Cargo transfer from a different vehicle Commercial cycle Like land to water Needs harbor No atmosphere Drag Little TPS required No gravity well Cargo transfer to a different vehicle Not yet commercial Logical node Commerce emerges Needs transportation node LEO is like a ShorelineEarth to LEOLEO to Moon

30. LTS suspects a node approach to commercial cargo will emerge in sustainable transport market to & from the Moon Nodes will grow with innovation and commerce emerging at the nodes by offering services to transportation suppliers What will a node look like over time & What Commerce will possibly emerge with PPPs? Propellant Cryo storage Payload handling - Payload storage Later tethers, humans, etc Payload & Vehicle Transportation Enhancement Partial gravity for liquid management Traffic both direction Nodes as Bases

31. Stage 1 Transportation Node • Uses LTS discarded mass • Still Diameter constrained • SDV hardware emerging • Unmanned, scaleable • Entrepreneurs. + $s • Evolves into long axis • Commercial international involving PPP venture including public & Private

32. Rendezvous and Dock - LEO

33. Stage 2 Transportation Node • Adds mass ET • ET cryo storage • Tether operations • Robotics • Track & Truss • Aft Cargo Carrier+ • Tether catches vehicle

34. 5 ETs & $500m lower than other solutions A node approach to commercial cargo in the ESMD market Nodes: innovation, market commerce at nodes What will a node look like over time & what commerce? Propellant cryo storage Payload handling ET mass, gravity gradient Stable, axis to center moon Later tethers, humans, etc Commerce includes some habitation volumes Logistics storage base Stage 3 Node as Transport Bases

35. Spread the cost for a bigger space economy Increases the voter interest Confirms a leader nation position Is a technology area where others can follow and use the “Railroad to the Moon” Creates a bigger game for all and a bigger space economy Leads to an energy solution by decreasing dependence of foreign oil Bringing the Society Along

37. Public Private Partnerships can help Stretches Govrn. Space Budgets Brings Private Investment Accelerate Space Development Stimulates Innovation in Hardware & Commerce Provides Lunar Sustainability & Costs Sharing Brings Society along with Voter support More info: www.ncppp.net Conclusions on PPPs

38. QUESTIONSLunar Transportation Systems, Inc. (LTS)Thomas C. Taylor, Vice President 3705 Canyon Ridge ArcLas Cruces, NM 88011USAPhone 505-522-2192 505-522-2495 FAX Email: taylorT@mac.comwww.lunartransportationsystems.comBackup Slides

39. Nodes stimulate commerce on earth The moon is on the new trade routes Lunar resources needs a 50 year 2 way non-cargo system that is sustainable & affordable Pass “Stimulation Legislation” for private investment commercial space innovation Space travel needs to be fun, because there are plenty of negatives to overcome Space is the economic frontier for the World’s taxpayer and their governments, PPP can help! Conclusions