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EKONOMI REKAYASA. PERTEMUAN 1 PENDAHULUAN & NPV. Oleh : Arwan Apriyono P. Setyo Nugroho. PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL JURUSAN TEKNIK FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNIK UNSOED TAHUN 2011. Lay Out Presentasi Pengertian ekonomi teknik Formula/Rumus Tingkat bunga NPW. I NTRODUCTION. ?.
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EKONOMI REKAYASA PERTEMUAN 1 PENDAHULUAN & NPV Oleh : Arwan Apriyono P. Setyo Nugroho PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL JURUSAN TEKNIK FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNIK UNSOED TAHUN 2011
Lay Out Presentasi Pengertian ekonomi teknik Formula/Rumus Tingkat bunga NPW
INTRODUCTION Menyewa/ Membeli?
INTRODUCTION Finansial Decision Making Infuence Factor -Inflasi & Deflasi -Pajak -Depreciation • Metode Pengambilan Keputusan • NPV/NPW • ROR/IRR • B/C Pengetahuan Dasar -Nilai uang (PV, FV, AV) -Suku bunga (Rerata , Majemuk) -Cost and Benefit -Cast flow diagram
Materi : • Pendahuluan dan NPW • Analisis investasi ROR/IRR • Analisis investasi B/C • Inflasi & Deflasi • Pajak • Depreciation/Penurunan nilai • Replacement Analysis • Referensi : • Donald G Newnan et al, 2004, Engineering Economic Analysis, Oxford University Press, Newyork • Abol Ardalan, 2000, Economic & Financial Anaysis for Engineering & Project Management, Technomic Publishing Company Book, Pennsylvania • Perry Beaumon, 2004, Financial Engineering Principle, Wiley, New Jersey • Chan S Park, Fundamental of Engineering Economics, Pearson Education Inc, New Jersey • Peter Cassimatis, 1992, Introduction to Engineering Economic, Taylor & Francir Routledge, London RENCANA KULIAH MESTI BANYAK EXERCISE.
MANFAAT -----------
P/F : mencari nilai P dari nilai F; jadi nilai F sudah diketahui A/F : mencari nilai A dari nilai F; jadi nilai F sudah diketahui
Langkah perhitungan • Tuliskan yang diketahui • Gambarkan dalam bentuk diagram • Hitung yang ditanyakan
Latihan (15’) • Berapa uang harus diinvestasikan untuk mendapatkan 750.000 selama waktu 3 tahun dengan bunga majemuk 10% per tahun ? 2. Berapa yang harus disimpan di bank untuk mendapatkan 15.500.000 selama 2 tahun pada bunga majemuk 1,5 % per bulan ?
No. 1 F = 750.00000 n = 3 tahun I = 10 % P = F(F/P, i, n) = 750.000(F/P, 0.1, 3) = 563.486 No. 2 F = 15.500.000 n= 2 tahun = 24 bulan i = 1.5 % • P = F(F/P, i, n) = 15.500.000(F/P, 0.015 , 24) = 10.842.930,75
Contoh : Suatu lembaga pembiayaan dalam iklannya menyatakan bahwa bunga pinjaman bunga nominal 12% setahun (sebesar 1% sebulan, dihitung per bulan karena pembayaran biasanya tiap bulan) Berapa sebetulnya bunga efektif dalam setahun? I efektif = (1+0,12/12)12 - 1 = Dalam perhitungan ekonomi teknik, jika tanpa penjelasan maka bunga yang dimaksud adalah bunga nominal, bukan bunga efektif. Jika dinyatakan bahwa bunga setahun 36%, maka 36% adalah bunga nominal dalam setahun, sehingga bunga dalam sebulan adalah3% Bunga efektif selalu lebih besar daripada bunga nominal
INTRODUCTION Menghitung total biaya dan manfaat yang dihasilkan dari suatu kasus/proyek. Prinsip dasar Metode Pengambilan Keputusan
NPV/NPW • NET PRESENT VALUE / NET PRESENT WORTH • The net difference of the present benefits and costs • NPV = PV of Benefit – PV of cost • Alternatif yang paling baik adalah yang memiliki NPV terbesar
NPV/NPW • Example • A car leasing company buys a car from a wholesaler for $24,000 and leases it to a customer for four years at $5,000 per year. • Since the maintenance is not included in the lease, the leasing company has to spend $400 per year in servicing the car. • At the end of the four years, the leasing company takes back the car and sells it to a secondhand car dealer for • $15,000. • Calculate the NPV for the case if we will not consider tax, inflation, and depreciation (interest of rate 10%)?
NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 1 : Making cost flow diagram
NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 2 : Calculate PV of Cost and Benefit PV of cost = $24000 PV of Benf = A(P/A, i, n) + F(P/F, i, n) = 4600 * ((1+0.1)3 – 1)/(0.1(1+0.1)3) + 19600*(1+0.1)-4 = 11439,52 + 13387,1 = $24826,62
NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 3 : Calculate NPV Total Cost = 24,000 Total Benefit = 11439.52 + 13387.1 = 24826.62 Net Worth of the Project = 826.62
NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 3 : Calculate NPV Total Cost = 24,000 Total Benefit = 11439.52 + 13387.1 = 24826.62 Net Worth of the Project = 826.62
NPV/NPW CONTOH SOAL Suppose the leasing company of Example 2.1 has to choose between the following two projects: 1. Lease the car exactly as the case in Example 2.1 which had a net present worth of $826.62 2. Buy a car at $40,000, lease it for two years at $12,000 per year with no maintenance cost, and sell it for $24,000 at the end of two years.
36000 • NPV/NPW 16000 ANALYSIS Step 1 : Making cost flow diagram
NPV/NPW ANALYSIS = -40000 + 12000 (P/A, 10,3) - 16000 (P/F,10,2) + 36000 (P/F,10,4) = -40000 + 12000 (2.487) -16000 (0.8264) + 36000 (0.6830) = 1,209.6 Since project 2 has a higher NPW, it would be the project to choose NPW makin besar, makin baik untuk investasi.
Task 1. (due date 24 Oct 2011)diketik diprint pada kertas A4, diberi cover tugas 1 ekonomi rekayasa 1-In a housing project the following sequence of events occurs. At the start of the project (time zero), land is bought at $1,000,000 Two months later, $100,000 is paid to the architect for preparing the design In month 4, construction is started and the cost of construction (labor and material) is $ 150,000 per month. Every month, one house is built (a total of 12 houses); the first one is ready for sale in month 6. During every month starting from month 8, one house is sold for a price of $ 250,000 each. After all of the houses are built and before all are sold, the cost of maintaining the site is $10,000 per month. Draw the cash flow diagram. 2-Mr. Shop purchases a pizza shop for $120,000. Its operation will result in a net income of $15,000/Yr for the first year, increasing by $2,000 each year after year 1. At the end of the fifth year, the shop is sold for $155,000. Draw the cash flow diagram for this project. 3-A credit card company announces that its interest rate is 1.5% per month. What is the corresponding effective annual interest rate?