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The Anatomy of Bias

The Anatomy of Bias. SOAR Workshop on Impartiality. Norman Farb, PhD Nov 5 , 2015. Central Hypotheses of Social Cognition. Hypothesis 1: Situations are powerful. Hypothesis 2: We often don't know why people do what they do. Hypothesis 3: We don't know what we don't know.

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The Anatomy of Bias

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  1. The Anatomy of Bias SOAR Workshop on Impartiality • Norman Farb, PhD • Nov 5, 2015

  2. Central Hypotheses of Social Cognition Hypothesis 1: Situations are powerful. Hypothesis 2: We often don't know why people do what they do. Hypothesis 3: We don't know what we don't know. Borrowed from Matt Lieberman at UCLA

  3. Hypothesis 1: Situations are powerful • Corollary 1a: We are unaware of the power of situations. • Corollary 1b: We are unaware of how situations influence our perception of others • Corollary 1c: The history of situations you’ve been in shape your experience and reactions today

  4. Hypothesis 2: We often don't know why people do what they do • Corollary 2a: We are also inaccurate about why we ourselves do the things we do • Corollary 2b: Conscious experience is constructed and not always accurate. • Intuitions may be false • Creates empathy gaps

  5. Hypothesis 3: We don't know what we don't know • Corollary 3a: We are built not to know what we don't know • Corollary 3b: We don't know the bias in our judgments because they are made automatically

  6. An Example

  7. Group 1 Group 2

  8. Group 1 Question A: Does this room cost more than $5500 a night? 1 bdrm suite over Water, with private Panoramic-view balcony, In Tahiti…

  9. Group 1 Question B: How much would you expect to pay for this hotel room? 1 bdrm suite over Water, with private Panoramic-view balcony, In Tahiti…

  10. Group 2 Question A: Does this room cost more than $55 a night? 1 bdrm suite over Water, with private Panoramic-view balcony, In Tahiti…

  11. Group 2 Question B: How much would you expect to pay for this hotel room? 1 bdrm suite over Water, with private Panoramic-view balcony, In Tahiti…

  12. Ok: Question B: How much would you expect to pay for this hotel room? 1 bdrm suite over Water, with private Panoramic-view balcony, In Tahiti…

  13. Framing matters…  Reyna and Ellis (1994) 

  14. How Do We ‘Frame’ Other People?

  15. Is this person good at sports? Does this person like math? Does this person know much about popular music?

  16. Does this person like to read? Is he aggressive? Does he support affirmative action programs?

  17. Does this person like baking? Is she wild? Does she like small children? Is she offended by nude scenes on television?

  18. Is it possible that we are not always aware of our attitudes?

  19. How Appraisal Constrains Meaning Rash Hopeless Sadness is activated as a primary response Poor Worthless Failure Stupid

  20. How Appraisal Constrains Meaning Repeated secondary appraisals create habitual conceptual associations with ‘Poor’ Rash Hopeless Poor Worthless Failure Stupid

  21. One interpretive pattern inhibits others… Rash Honest Hopeless Ambitious Poor Warm Worthless Failure Curious Generous Stupid

  22. Can we objectively test for this bias? A mock-up of the implicit attitude test (IAT)

  23. BLACK/WHITE IAT unpleasant or INSECTS pleasant or FLOWERS

  24. BLACK/WHITE IAT unpleasant or INSECTS pleasant or FLOWERS

  25. BLACK/WHITE IAT unpleasant or INSECTS pleasant or FLOWERS

  26. How does it work?

  27. IAT BIAS Your results suggest: Strong automatic preference for * Moderate automatic preference for * Slight automatic preference for * Little or no automatic preference * Slight automatic preference for * Moderate automatic preference for * Strong automatic preference for *

  28. In Brain Terms… Emotional Impact Control

  29. So when does bias creep up? Danziger et al., 2011

  30. Other emotion regulation strategies?

  31. Garland et al., 2014

  32. Thank you for your attention!

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