1 / 94

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. ANATOMY OF THE EAR. EXTERNAL EAR. Auricle. External Canal. THE AURICLE. Absence of antihelix (protruding ear). Normal. Perichondritis. Erysipelas. The External Auditory Canal. The External Auditory Canal. Lateral Third:. Medial Two Thirds:. Cartilagenous

jon
Télécharger la présentation

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. ANATOMY OF THE EAR

  3. EXTERNAL EAR Auricle External Canal

  4. THE AURICLE

  5. Absence of antihelix (protruding ear) Normal

  6. Perichondritis Erysipelas

  7. The External Auditory Canal

  8. The External Auditory Canal Lateral Third: Medial Two Thirds: • Cartilagenous • Present at birth • Hair follicles • Sebacous glands • Ceruminous glands • Bony • Develops after birth

  9. Skin of outer third of the external canal Furunclosis Wax

  10. ANATOMY OF THE EAR • External Ear • Middle Ear Cleft • Inner Ear

  11. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian Tube • Tympanum (Middle Ear Cavity) • Mastoid Antrum and Air Cells

  12. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • The Eustachian Tube

  13. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian tube • Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity)

  14. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall • Medial wall

  15. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY Tegmen • Roof • Floor

  16. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall

  17. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY Roof Floor Anterior wall Posterior wall Lateral wall

  18. Membrana flaccida Membrana Tensa Epitympanum(attic) Mesotympanum Hypotympanum

  19. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall • Medial wall

  20. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian (Pharyngo-tympanic) Tube • Tympanic (Middle Ear) Cavity • Mastoid antrum and air cells

  21. Mastoid Antrum & Air cells

  22. Mastoid Antrum & Air cells

  23. CONTENTS OF MIDDLE EAR CAVITY • Air • Ossicles • Malleus, Incus, & Stapes • Muscles • Tensor Tympani & Stapedius • Nerves • Tympanic Plexus & Chorda Tympani

  24. SENSARY SUPPLY OF MIDDLE AND EXTERNAL EAR • Cervical II & III ( great auricular and lessor occipital) • V cranial nerve ( auriculotemporal) • IX cranial nerve (tympanic or Jacobson’s) • X cranial nerve ( auricular or Arnold’s) • VII cranial nerve

  25. Referred Earache • Pain in the ear due to a disease in an area supplied by a nerve that also supply the ear.

  26. Referred Earache • Cervical II & III • Cervical spondylosis, neck injury etc. • V cranial nerve • Dental infections, sinonasal diseases etc. • IX cranial nerve • Tonsillitis, post-tonsillectomy, carcinoma etc. • X cranial nerve • Tumors of hpopharynx, larynx & esophagus

  27. ANATOMY OF INNER EAR • Osseous Labyrinth • Perilymph • Membranous labyrinth

  28. The Bony Labyrinth • Bony Cochlea • Vestibule • Bony semicircular canals

  29. CONTENTS OF THE BONY LABYRINTH • Perilymph • Membranous labyrinth • Cochlear duct • Saccule and utricle • Membranous semicircular ducts

  30. CONTENTS OF MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH • Endolymph • Sensory epithelium • Cochlea: organ of Corti • Utricle & saccule: maculae • Semicircular canals:cristae

  31. INNER EAR SENSORY EPITHELIUM • Cochlea: organ of Corti • Utricle & saccule: maculae • Semicircular canals:cristae

  32. THE VESTIBULO-COCHLEAR NERVE

  33. CENTRAL CONNECTIONS OF COCHLEAR NERVE

  34. CENTRAL CONNECTIONS OF VESTIBULAR NERVE

  35. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR

  36. FUNCIONS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR • Auditory functions: • Sound conduction • Increase sound pressure by the resonance function • Protection of the middle ear • Curvature • Cerumen

  37. FUNCTIONS OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE Protection Ventilation Drainage

  38. FUNCIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR • Conduction of sound • Transformer mechanism • Hydraulic action • Ossicular leverage

  39. FUNCIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR • Conduction of sound • Transformer mechanism • Hydraulic action • Ossicular leverage • Protection to the inner ear • stapedial reflex

  40. FUNCIONS OF THE INNER EAR • Hearing Function: • Transduction of sound to action potentials

  41. FUNCIONS OF THE INNER EAR • Hearing Function: • Transduction of sound to action potentials • Vestibular Function: • Participate in maintaining body balance

  42. THE BALANCE SYSTEM

  43. THE BALANCE SYSTEM C. Cortex Cerebellum BRAIN-STEM

  44. THE BALANCE SYSTEM Vestibular Proprioceptive Visual INPUT C. Cortex Cerebellum BRAIN-STEM

  45. THE BALANCE SYSTEM Vestibular Proprioceptive Visual INPUT C. Cortex Cerebellum BRAIN-STEM OUTPUT Ocular muscles Postural muscles

  46. DISEASES OF THE EXTERNAL EAR

More Related